微生物与金属硫化物矿物的相互作用

The Interaction between Microorganisms and Metal Sulfide Minerals

重金属污染已成为世界性的环境问题,目前的主要防治措施是采用物理、化学、生物等方法进行处理,但是这些方法均具有成本高、效果差等缺点。近期微生物为重金属污染治理打开了新的篇章。目前对于微生物与金属硫化物矿物之间的相互作用研究主要集中在利用几种常见的表征手段对矿物表面的反应过程进行相应的研究。本文综述了微生物与金属硫化物类矿物之间的反应过程,剖析了微生物在硫化物表面的吸附作用及其影响因素以及微生物分解金属硫化物的机制与过程,归纳总结了金属硫化物矿物的微生物氧化作用形成的次生矿物类型,阐明了微生物对环境的重要性以及人类研究微生物一金属硫化物矿物相互作用的重要意义。

The heavy metal pollution has become a worldwide environmental problem.The physical,chemical and biological treatments are main methods for preventing heavy metal pollutions currently,however,these treatment methods have unavoidable disadvantages,such as high cost,poor effect and so on.A new chapter of preventing and controlling the heavy metal pollution is the microorganism based remediation.The recent researches on interactions between microorganism and metal sulfide mineral mainly focused on using general characterization methods to investigate surficial reactions of microorganism on mineral surfaces.This paper systematically reviews the reaction processes between microorganism and metal sulfide mineral,including adsorption mechanism of microbial on the surface of metal sulfide mineral,influence factors of adsorption,and mechanism and process of sulfide minerals oxidization by microorganisms,summarizes the formation and type of secondary minerals from microbial oxidation of metal sulfide minerals,and interprets the environmental significance of microorganism as well as the interaction between microorganism and metal sulfide mineral.