印度生物资源及相关传统知识获取与惠益分享制度的程序分析

Analysis on the Procedures of India’s Access and Benefit Sharing Regime on Biological Resources and Relevant Traditional Knowledge

遗传资源及相关传统知识的获取与惠益分享制度是国际研究热点,包括我国在内的很多国家都在制订相关法规政策.印度无论在立法还是行政,都已经初步形成一套比较完整的体系,走在国际的前列.通过分析印度遗传资源及相关传统知识获取的事先知情同意程序的提交、审核、批准、公布,以及随后的惠益分享程序,认为印度是以知识产权作为国家管理的关键点,伴随着2014年颁布的《生物资源及相关知识获取与惠益分享规则指导》,其程序的完善带来了管理的改善.对生物资源的科学研究和商业利用的获取,以及知识产权的申请,这两方面都有显著的提高.印度经验对我国的生物资源及传统知识获取程序的借鉴意义体现在有法可依的必要性和以知识产权为主导的重要性.

Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS)regime on genetic resources and related traditional knowledge is a hot topic in the international research.Many countries,including China,are formulating relevant regulations and policies.India has initially formed a relatively complete regime,both in legislation and administration,and is at the global forefront.By analyzing the submission,review,approval,publication of the prior informed consent procedure for the access of genetic resources and related traditional knowledge in India,and the subsequent benefit-sharing procedure, we have a conclusion that the intellectual property rights are the key point of India's national administration of genetic resources and related traditional knowledge.With the promulgation of Guidelines on Access to Biological Resources and Associated Knowledge and Benefit Sharing Regulations in 2014, the procedures of ABS were improved and as a result,it has brought about significantly improvements in application quantity of access of bio-resources for research/commercial purpose and applying for intellectual property rights.The Indian experience to China's biological resources and related traditional knowledge access procedures is the necessity of legality and the importance of intellectual property.