固体催化剂载体及催化剂成型设备技术进展

Technology Progress of Solid Catalyst Carrier and Catalyst Forming Equipment

绝大多数工业催化过程都采用固体催化剂,在固体催化剂生产中,催化剂载体和催化剂成型技术及其设备处于核心地位。催化剂载体成型技术主要有压缩成型、挤出成型、转动成型、压力成型、球形成型和喷雾成型等,其中压缩成型在工业催化剂载体生产中很少使用。挤出成型应用范围最广,其发展方向是提高设备的自动化、连续化和智能化水平,缩短工艺流程。球形成型主要用于制备特殊要求的载体,如重整催化剂的氧化铝小球,近年来的发展主要是可以生产尺寸更小的球形载体。压力成型在工业催化剂载体制备中的应用相对较少,其优点是制备的载体的规整性好,缺点是生产效率相对较低。流化床工艺所用催化剂一般采用喷雾干燥成型法制备,其发展方向主要是提高喷雾过程中各参数的控制水平,建立喷雾控制参数与产品性能之间的关系模型。目前载体成型前的预处理往往容易被忽略,各种成型方式均没有对待成型浆料进行前脱气处理,成型前的预处理主要是为了脱除成型浆料中的空气,这对于提高载体质量具有重要作用。成套成型设备的发展方向是将原料掺混、捏合及成型等不同功能的单元集成在一起,实现设备的多功能化。而3D打印技术有望随着技术的进步,用于某些特殊的工业催化剂的制备。

Most industrial catalytic processes use solid catalysts.In the production of solid catalysts,catalyst carriers and catalyst forming technologies and equipment play an extremely important role.Catalyst carrier forming technologies mainly include compression forming,extrusion forming,rotational forming,pressure forming,spherical forming and spray forming.Among them,compression forming is rarely used in the production of industrial catalyst carriers.Extrusion forming'has the widest range of applications,and its development direction is to improve the automation,continuity and intelligence of equipment and to shorten the process flow.Spherical forming is mainly used to prepare carriers with special requirements,such as alumina pellets for reforming catalysts ,and its main development in recent years is to produce smaller spherical carriers.Pressure forming is scarcely applied in the preparation of industrial catalyst carriers.Its advantage is the good regularity of the'carriers prepared,while its disadvantage is the relatively low production effficiency.Spray drying forming is generally used to prepare the catalysts for fluidized bed process,and its development direction is to improve the control level of the parameters in spraying process and to establish a relationship model between spray control parameters and product performance.At present,the pretreatment prior to the forming of carrier is often neglected.None of these forming technologies considers the degassing of the slurry for forming,and the pretreatment prior to the forming is mainly to remove the air in the formed slurry,so as to improve the quality of carriers.The development direction of the complete set of forming equipment is to integrate the units with different functions including raw material blending,kneading and forming to achieve the multifunction of the equipment.With the development of technology,3D printing technology is expected to be used in the preparation of certain special industrial catalysts.