世界卫生组织破伤风立场文件解读与动物致伤后破伤风的预防

Interpretation of World Health Organization tetanus position paper and prevention of tetanus after animal injury

世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)于2017年2月发布了最新的破伤风疫苗立场文件,此立场文件对2006年的WHO破伤风类毒素疫苗(tetanus toxoid containing vaccines,TTCV)立场文件进行了更新。新的立场文件更新了当前破伤风的流行病学特征、发病经过、诊断以及治疗方法,并对破伤风类毒素疫苗基础免疫和加强免疫的最佳时机提供了修订指南。动物致伤伤口是破伤风感染的高风险伤口,处理过程中必须对破伤风的风险进行评估并采取合理的预防措施。本文将结合中国目前破伤风预防的现状,重点对该立场文件中的一些更新内容作一解读,并介绍动物致伤后预防破伤风的相关方法。

World Health Organization (WHO)released the latest tetanus vaccine position paper in February 2017.This position paper replaces the previous 2006 WHO position paper on tetanus toxoid (TT)vaccines.The new position paper updates the current epidemiological characteristics,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of tetanus,and provides revised guidance on the optimal timing of recommended tetanus vaccine basic and booster doses.Animal injury cause high-risk wounds of tetanus.The risk of tetanus must be assessed,and reasonable precautions should be taken during treatment.This article will combine the current situation of prevention of tetanus in China,focus on the interpretation of some of the updates of the position paper,and introduce the related methods of preventing tetanus after animal injury.