明智与智慧——《尼各马可伦理学》中幸福的两个德性基础

Practical Wisdom and Philosophical Wisdom——Two Virtue Basics of Happiness in Nicomachean Ethics

对"幸福"的追问是亚里士多德《尼各马可伦理学》的总任务。幸福以德性为基础,但幸福不等于德性,它是德性的实现活动。依照德性的划分,幸福包括两方面的内容。第一种幸福基于日常生活中的"伦理德性",重点在于"明智";第二种幸福超越了日用伦常,以沉思生活中的"理智德性"为基础,重点在于"智慧"。"明智"与"智慧"构成了幸福生活的两个德性基础。以二者为基石,幸福体现着品质与行动的结合、人性与神性的贯通。

The quest for the meaning of "happiness"is the main task of Aristode 's Nieomachean Ethics.Happiness is based on virtue,however happiness is not equal to virtue,it is the activity of realization in accordance with virtue.According to division of virtue,happiness includes two aspects.The first type is based on the "ethical virtues"in daily life,with the emphasis on "practical wisdom".The second type goes beyond daily use and refers to the "intellectual virtue"in meditation life,with the emphasis on "philosophical wisdom".Thus the "practical wisdom"and the "philosophical wisdom"constitute two essential elements of a happy life.Based on both,happiness can be interpreted as the combination of quality and action,and the connection of humanity with divinity.