日本医疗事故调查制度研究

Research on medical accident investigation system in Japan

日本2014年修改《医疗法》,针对涉医疗行为患者非预期死亡事件确立了新的调查制度。日本新的医疗事故调查制度目的在于查明事实真相、防止再次发生,以提升医疗安全而非追究个人责任。该制度以医疗机构的院内医疗事故调查为基础和核心,强调外部第三方对院内医疗事故调查的参与,并新设医疗事故调查·支持中心,承担医疗事故调查及支援、对院内调查结果进行整理和分析、总结再犯防止对策、对事故调查人员开展培训以及对医疗安全信息进行宣传普及等功能。国内也应适度借鉴日本经验,建立统一规范、独立于医疗纠纷的患者非预期死亡调查机制,以切实提升患者安全。

Japan revised its medical law in 2014 and set up a new investigation system aiming at patients' unexpected death incidents involving medical behavior.The purpose of new medical accident investigation system is to establish the truth of certain accident and prevent recurrence,in order to improve medical safety rather than pursuing individual liability.This system is based on investigations made within medical institutions,places emphasis on outsiders'participation into investigations within medical institutions,and sets up new medical accident support center to undertake medical accident investigation,support investigations within medical institutions,sort out and analyze results of investigations within medical institutions,conclude recurrence prevention mechanism, provide training for accident investigators,and make promotion on medical safety information.In order to effectively improve patient safety,China should also appropriately refer to Japan's experience,establish united investigation system that independents from medical disputes for patients'unexpected death incidents.