创意写作在中国接受与传播的历史考析(1959—2009)

A Historical Analysis of the Acceptance and Dissemination of Creative Writing in China(1959—2009)

以学科史的研究视野,从概念的译介、研究和教学实践以及美国爱荷华大学国际写作项目的影响等方面,分析了从1950年代末到本世纪前十年我国对美国Creative Writing(创意写作)的接受和传播情况。从1959年起,台湾的作家已经接受了美国Creative Writing的学科训练;1970年代起,Creative Writing已经被翻译为"创造性写作",进入1990年代后翻译为"创意写作"的趋势逐渐增多;从1980年代中后期起,大陆学者受各种思想的启迪,开始研究本土化的创造写作学,而我国台湾、香港的基础和高等教育系统已经在开展创意写作的教学和研究。特别是,在安格尔和聂华苓的主持下,爱荷华大学的"作家工作坊""国际写作计划"深刻影响了两岸三地的作家,并给20世纪80年代中后期大陆创办作家班以灵感和启迪。对Creative Writing接受谱系和传播过程的历史分析,实际上修正了相关学者认为创意写作在中国的引介元年为2004年或2009年的说法。

Based on the research perspective of subject history, from the perspective of conceptual translation, research and teaching practice, and the influence of the University of Iowa’s International Writing Project, the article analyzes China’s acceptance and dissemination of "Creative Writing" which Originated in the United States from the late 1950 s to the first decade of this century. Taiwan Residents writers have accepted the discipline of Creative Writing of the United States since 1959. Creative Writing has been translated into "创造性写作" in 1970 s, and the trend of translating into "创意写作" has increased since the 1990 s. Mainland scholars have been inspired by various ideas and began to study localized creative writing from mid-1980 s. On the other aspect, Taiwan and Hong Kong have been teaching and researching creative writing in the basic and higher education systems. In particular, under the auspices of Paul Engle and Hualing Nieh Engle, the Writer’s Workshop and International Writing Plan which launched by University of Iowa influences on Chinese writers profoundly, and gives inspiration to writer training program of mainland which sprung in the mid-to-late1980 s. The historical analysis of the pedigree and dissemination process of Chinese Creative Writing actually corrects the opinion that its acceptance first year is in 2004 or 2009.