中国新时代近海捕捞渔业资源养护政策研究

Research on China's Maintance Policy for Marie Capture Fishery Resources in the New Era

近年,近海捕捞资源呈衰退甚至枯竭之势,1978-2016年近海渔业资源整体恶化了1.57倍,"近海无鱼"成为社会焦点。研究了新时代加强近海捕捞渔业资源养护政策的紧迫性、现有政策及存在的问题、养护政策的方向与建议。结果表明:近海渔业资源持续衰退的主要原因是现有养护政策缺乏捕捞主体主动参与扩大增量、降低产量的激励相容机制;新时代从资源功能定位、实施重大工程、自然资源监管体制等为近海渔业资源养护政策指明了方向;未来养护政策应改革近海捕捞渔业产权制度(赋予排他权利、激励捕捞主体维护资源和防止外来者破坏的积极性)、推进渔民退捕工程(退捕者生态补偿、转产转业,非退捕者征收税费)、渔业资源自然保护区(改革资源保护监管体制,理顺三大关系)。该研究有利于改进现有养护政策和保护与恢复近海渔业资源,可为有关部门提供决策参考。

In recent years,marine capture fishery resources have been declining or even exhausted.From 1978-2016, offshore fishery resources have declined by 1.57times."No fish in offshore"has become a social focus.This paper studied the urgency of strengthening maintenance policy of offshore fishing fishery resources,current policy and existing problems,and direction and suggestion of maintenance policy in the new era.The results showed that the main reason for continuous decline of offshore fishery resources was that the existing maintenance policy lacking incentive and compatible mechanism for fishing subjects to actively participate in expanding increment and reducing yield.The new era had poihted out the direction for the maintenance policy of offshore fishery resources from the perspective of resource function orientation,implementation of major projects and natural resource supervision system. Future maintenance policy inshore fisheries should reform property right system (exclusive rights granted, incentives to catch body maintenance resources and motivation to prevent damage by outsiders),promote fishermen catch back engineering (ecological compensation,halt in catching,levy taxes for fishermen not catching),fisheries resources nature reserve (reform resources protection regulation system,straighten out the 3 relationships).This study was beneficial for improving the existing maintenance policy;protecting and recovering the offshore fishery resources. Besides,this study provided references for related government bodies when making policy.