中国农村女性老年人养老困境研究

Study on the Plight of Older Women in Rural China

我国的人口老龄化呈现出明显的城乡和性别差异,在所拥有的养老资源上,其优劣顺序依次为城市男性老年人、城市女性老年人、农村男性老年人、农村女性老年人。农村女性老年人生命历程中的累积劣势,包括受教育程度低、正式的劳动力市场参与程度低,以及社会制度性支持不足等所产生的累积效应。这造成了她们晚年的贫困和低生活质量。农村老年人尤其是农村女性老年人的经济贫困、健康状况不佳,以及精神文化生活单调贫乏等困境,需要来自社会的制度性解决。理解和贯彻男女平等观念,促进社会性别平等主流化任重道远。

China’s population aging shows obvious urban-rural and gender differences.In terms of old-age-supporting resources,the urban male elderly,the urban female elderly,the rural male elderly and the rural female elderly are in descending order.The female elderly in rural areas are vulnerable all through their lives:a lower level of education,a lower labor force participation rate and insufficient institutional support received from the society.All these resulted in an accumulative effect,which leads to their poverty and low quality of life in old age.The rural elderly,especially those females are suffered from financial difficulties,poor health and monotonous cultural lives,which call for institutional solutions from the society.Understanding and implementing the concept of gender equality and mainstreaming this concept still have a long way to go.