纳粹德国的农业政策和妇女政策

The Agricultural Policy and the Women's Policy in Nazi Germany

在纳粹政权对德国社会的改造中,农业政策和妇女政策的推行力度较大。纳粹党以"血与土"理论为指导,成立准政府机构"德国粮食总会"强力干预农业经济,出台《国家世袭农庄法》以维护大农业,颁布《塑造新德意志农民法》大张旗鼓地推进垦殖活动,实施一系列"市场整顿"措施,从销售末端保证微观调控的有效性。针对魏玛共和国时期德国妇女地位和离婚率同时上升、婴儿出生率下降的现象,纳粹当局发起"动员妇女回家"运动,力图划出"教堂、厨房、孩童"三位一体的领域作为女性的专享舞台。为此在全国大量开设"母亲学校",对青年女子实施家政管理教育,强化原有的"劳动服役"制度。然而,这两方面的措施均未取得预期效果。

In the German social transformation of the Nazi regime,the implementation of agricultural policies and women's policies was dramatic.The Nazi authorities engaged in "peasant worship"vigorously and established the "Reich Food Corporation"as a quasi-government institution that strongly intervened in the agricultural economy.The "National Entailed Farms Act"was enacted to maintain large-scale agriculture,and the "Fostering New German Peasantry Law"was promulgated in order to promote the activities of colonization on a large scale.The Nazi government also implemented a series of "market order"measures to ensure the effectiveness of elaborate control from the end of sales chain.However,these measures did not achieve the desired goals.In the area of Women's policy,aimed at countering the rise of German women's status and divorce rate simultaneously and reversing the decline of the birth rate in the Weimar Republic,the Nazi authorities launched the "Mobilizing Women Home"campaign,trying to create a "church,kitchen,and children"triune field as a special stage for women.For this purpose,a large number of "mother schools"had been set up throughout the country,young women had to receive household management education and the former "labor service"system had been enhanced.Also,these measures did not work.