湘西永顺产山苍子精油成分分析与抑菌活性研究

Antibacterial Activity Research and Composition Analysis on Litsea cubeba Essential Oil Produced in Yongshun of Western Hunan Province

研究湘西永顺产山苍子精油的成分分析及其抑菌活性。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取山苍子,利用气相色谱-质谱法分析山苍子精油的化学成分,选取大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白曲霉、青霉4种菌种为代表菌种,通过平板计数、最低抑菌浓度、不同热处理以及不同pH值来探讨山苍子精油的抑菌活性。结果表明:湘西永顺产山苍子精油的主要成分柠檬醛质量分数为74. 07%。其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白曲霉、青霉4种菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1.88、0.94、0.94、0.47μL/mL。山苍子精油能抑制细菌和霉菌的生长。当热处理温度在40～100℃区间时,温度升高导致山苍子精油的抑菌活性下降;当pH值在3.5～7.5的范围内,pH值越小山苍子精油的抑菌效果越好。湘西永顺产山苍子精油成分分析为其开发利用提供了技术参数,通过对其抑菌活性的研究,为研发山苍子精油防腐保鲜剂提供参考,拓展其在我国生鲜食品防腐保鲜中的应用。

Study on constituents and antibacterial activities of litsea cubeba essential oil produced in Yongshun of Western Hunan Province.The decoction of litsea cubeba was extracted by steam distillation.The chemical constituents of litsea cubeba essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry.Four strains of escherich- ia coli,staphylococcus aureus,aspergillus oryzae and penicillium are representative strains,and the antimierobial activity of litsea cubeba essential oil was explored through plate count,the minimum inhibitory concentration,different heat treatment and different pH.The resuhs showed that the mass fraction of the main component namely citral of yongshun litsea cubeba essential oil in Yongshun,Western Hunan Province was 74.07%.The minimum inhibitory concentrations against escheriehia coli,staphylococcus aureus,aspergillus niger and penicillium respectively were 1.88,0.94,0.94 and 0.47μL/mL.Litsea cubeba essential oil could inhibit the growth of bacteria and molds. When the heat treatment temperature was in the range of 40-100℃,the antibacterial activity of litsea cubeba essential oil decreased for the increase of temperature.When pH value was in the range of 3.5-7.5,the inhibitory effect of litsea cubeba essential oil was better when the pH value was lower.The composition analysis of litsea cubeba essential oil in Yongshun of Western Hunan provided technical parameters for the development and utilization of litsea cubeba essential oil.By studying its antimicrobial activity,it provided a theoretical reference for the research and development of litsea cubeba essential oil anticorrosive preservative,and expanded its applietion in preservation of fresh food in China.