诟詈的意义--奥维德长诗《伊比斯》研究

Meanings of Cursing: A Study of Ovid's Ibis

奥维德流放时期的长诗《伊比斯》继承了西方古典的诟詈诗传统,但又加以独特的改造,融合了史诗和哀歌的元素,体现了奥维德一贯的体裁越界的特征。它固然为过着抑郁的流放生活的诗人提供了发泄愤懑情绪的渠道,因而部分地具备诟詈诗的心理动因,但奥维德也借诟詈诗的躯壳实现了多重艺术意图,不仅戏仿和颠覆了短长格诟詈诗和史诗陈规,也让自己一生的哀歌体创作迎来了又一次突破。语言暴力、神话暴力和现实暴力在诗中的融合既折射出奥维德流放期间的绝望,也表达了他对西方古典暴力文化的反思。

Ovid's exilic poem Ibis both inherits and reshapes the tradition of classical curse poetry.Its incorporation of elements of epic and elegy exemplifies Ovid's favorite technique of genre-crossing.On the one hand,the work presents the poet in exile with an opportunity to vent his dismay and anger,and thus shares some psychological motives with standard curse poetry;on the other hand,its form is employed by Ovid to achieve multiple artistic purposes,among them a parodying and subversion of iambic curse poetry and epic,and a new breakthrough of his lifelong engagement with elegy.The blending of verbal,mythological and real-world violence in Ibis,while mirroring the despair of the poet,also conveys his alarm at the ubiquity of violence in Western classical culture.