肺炎支原体及流感病毒致患者呼吸道感染流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of respiratory infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza virus

目的探讨肺炎支原体及流感病毒致呼吸道感染的流行病学特点,为疾病诊疗提供依据。方法医院就诊患者722例,收集血清,采用间接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道病原体。结果 722例患者中呼吸道感染229例,感染率31.72%。肺炎支原体、流感病毒、肺炎支原体合并流感病毒感染149、58和22例,感染率分别为20.64%、8.03%和3.05%。<16、16~、30~、>50岁患者感染数分别为93、56、51和29例,感染率分别为40.26%、43.08%、30.91%和14.80%,其中肺炎支原体感染率分别为21.21%、29.23%、24.85%和10.71%,流感病毒感染率分别为14.29%、9.23%、5.45%和2.04%,肺炎支原体合并流感病毒感染率分别为4.76%、4.62%、0.61%和2.04%;男性患者感染101例,感染率为26.04%,其中肺炎支原体、流感病毒、合并感染的感染率分别为17.71%、7.03%和1.56%;女性患者感染128例,感染率为35.50%,感染率分别为23.96%、9.17%和4.73%。春季、夏季、秋季、冬季呼吸道感染患者分别为49、82、29和69例,感染率分别为33.33%、33.47%、23.77%和33.17%;肺炎支原体感染率分别为23.13%、18.37%、15.57%和24.52%,流感病毒感染率分别为8.84%、10.61%、5.74%和5.77%,合并感染率分别为1.36%、4.49%、2.46%和2.88%。结论 16~30岁的女性患者病原体感染率较高,以肺炎支原体感染为主,冬季肺炎支原体的感染率较高。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of respiratory infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza virus in order to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of those diseases. MethodsSerum was collected from 722 inpatients,and pathogens in the respiratory tract were detected using indirect immunofluorescence. Results Of the 722 patients,229 had a respiratory tract infection,for a rate of infection of 31.72%.One hundred and forty-nine patients(20.64%)were infected with M.pneumoniae,58(8.03%)were infected with influenza virus,and 22(3.05%)were infected with M.pneumoniae and influenza virus.Ninety-three patients(40.26%)with an infection were<16 years of age,56(43.08%)were 17-30 years of age,51(30.91%)were 31-50 years of age,and29(14.80%)were>51 years of age.Of the patients infected with M.pneumoniae,21.21% were<16 years of age,29.23% were 17-30 years of age,24.85% were 31-50 years of age,and 10.71% were>51 years of age.Of the patients infected with influenza virus,14.29% were<16 years of age,9.23% were 17-30 years of age,5.45% were 31-50 years of age,and 2.04% were>51 years of age.Of the patients infected with M.pneumoniae and influenza virus,4.76% were<16 years of age,4.62% were 17-30 years of age,0.61% were 31-50 years of age,and 2.04% were>51 years of age.One hundred and one patients(26.04%)with an infection were male;17.71% were infected with M.pneumoniae 7.03% were infected with influenza virus,and 1.56% were infected with M.pneumoniae and influenza virus.One hundred and twenty-eight patients(35.50%)with an infection were male;23.96% were infected with M.pneumoniae 9.17% were infected with influenza virus,and 4.73% were infected with M.pneumoniae and influenza virus.Forty-nine patients(33.33%)had a respiratory tract infection in the spring,82(33.47%)had an infection in the summer,29(23.77%)had an infection in the autumn,and 69(33.17%)had an infection in the winter.Of the patients infected with M.pneumoniae,23.13% were infected in the spring,18.37% were infected in the summer,15.57% were infected in the autumn,and 24.52% were infected in the winter.Of the patients infected with influenza virus,8.84%were infected in the spring,10.61% were infected in the summer,5.74% were infected in the autumn,and 5.77% were infected in the winter.Of the patients infected with M.pneumoniae and influenza virus,1.36% were infected in the spring,4.49% were infected in the summer,2.46% were infected in the autumn,and 2.88% were infected in the winter. Conclusion Female patients<16 years of age had a high rate of infection.The pathogen causing a respiratory infection was mainly M.pneumoniae.The rate of infection with M.pneumoniae was higher in the winter.