农地经营对水稻化肥减量投入的影响

Impact of farmland management on fertilizer reduction in rice production

化肥投入过量是中国农业生产中的普遍问题,不仅增加农业生产成本、浪费资源,也造成了严重的环境污染问题,推进化肥减量投入是促进农业绿色、可持续发展的重要举措。本文利用2016年11月—2017年2月长江中下游6省29县的农户调查数据,应用广义有序Logit模型分析了土地经营规模、地块集中程度、土地租金以及地权稳定性等农地经营对农户化肥投入的影响。结果表明:(1)土地经营规模、地块集中程度对农户化肥投入有显著的负向影响,土地租金对农户化肥投入有显著的正向影响,地权稳定性对农户化肥投入的影响不显著;(2)相对于小户,规模种植户的化肥投入更合理,但随着土地经营规模扩大,农户化肥减量投入的倾向有所弱化;(3)从影响程度看,土地经营规模对农户化肥投入的影响最大,地块集中程度次之,土地租金的影响相对较小。因此,从化肥减量投入的视角出发,政府应鼓励发展适度规模经营,加快促成地块集中连片。此外,完善土地租金的定价机制也有助于化肥的减量投入。

The excessive use of fertilizer is a serious issue throughout China and it has resulted in a lot of adverse environmental and economic impacts.Reducing fertilizer input is an important measure to promote the green development of agriculture.Based on household survey data from 29 counties of six provinces in the middle and lower Yangtze River in China,this study has analyzed the impact of land management,including farm size,land concentration,land rent,and tenure security on farmers'fertilizer input using Generalized Ordered Logit model.The results show that, farm size and land concentration have significant negative effects while land rent has significant positive effect on farmers'fertilizer input.However,no evidence is found that tenure security can significantly influence farmers'fertilizer input.Farmers with large farm size are more reasonable than smallholder farmers in terms of fertilizer inputs.It is noted that the effect of farm size on fertilizer reduction decreases with an increase in farm size.That is to say,it does not mean that the larger farm size,the better effect on fertilizer reduction.In the present study,to reduce farmers' fertilizer input in rice production,the optimal farm size is 0.67-3.33hm^2,and the suboptimal farm size is 3.33-13.33hm^2 and 13.33-33.33hm^2.In terms of the extent of influence of these land management factors,farm size has the greatest effect on farmers'fertilizer input,followed by land concentration and land rent.Therefore,to reduce farmers'fertilizer input,the government should promote moderate scale operation of farmland and increase the degree of land concentration during the rapid development of land transfer.Furthermore,improving the price mechanism of the land rent and preventing the excessive growth in land rent are also helpful to reduce farmers'fertilizer input.