“公平而有质量的教育”的双重结构及政策重心转移

The Dual Structure of "Fair and Quality Education" and the Shift of Policy Focus

党的十九大报告中提出"努力让每个孩子都能享有公平而有质量的教育"。"公平而有质量的教育"包括两类不同的公平-质量范型。一类是以均等化为目标,以社会为中心;一类是以多样化为目标,以人为中心。两者既相叠又相接,构成了"公平而有质量的教育"的双重结构。在政策视域,公平处在"先行"的位置,而质量却具有"先在性",对公平起着决定的作用。与中国教育从外延式向内涵式发展同构,中国教育公平与质量的政策重心从均等化范型向多样化范型转移。但是,多样化范型的公平尚未构建成形,人们在认知和实践多样化范型的质量时,习惯溯源于均等化范型的公平,从而带来政策迟滞和认知迟滞。构建多样化为重心的双重结构的公平-质量体系已经成为新时代教育改革发展的新命题、新使命。

Xi Jinping's report at the 19th CPC National Congress proposed that we should "make efforts to enable every child to have fair access to good education".There are two different types of Fair-Quality paradigm in the field of education,both of which are overlapping and connected.The first type regards equalization as the goal and focuses on the society,while the second one takes diversity as the goal and focuses on the individual.From the policy's perspective, fairness is in the "preemptive"position,while quality is "prior in existence"and has a decisive influence on fairness. Different types of quality require different types of fair supply to match themselves.In the same structure as that of the development of China's education from the extensive to intensive one,the policy focus'of equity and quality of education in China shifts from "Fairness-Quality of the Equalization"to "Fairness-Quality of the Diversity".However,"Fairness of the goal of Diversity"has not yet been shaped.When people recognize and practice "Quality of the goal of Diversity",it is easy for them to trace back to "Fairness of.the goal of the Equalization",resulting in the belatedness of policy and awareness.The construction of a dual structure which focuses more on "Fairness-Quality of Diversity"has become a new proposition and new mission for educational reform and development in the new era.