探测器对量子增强马赫-曾德尔干涉仪相位测量灵敏度的影响

Effect of detection efficiency on phase sensitivity in quantum-enhanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer

研究了强度差测量方案下,探测器量子效率对光子数态、关联数态、压缩真空态三种量子光源注入的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪相位测量灵敏度的影响.获得了相位测量灵敏度与效率的定量关系,比较了探测效率对不同量子态注入的干涉仪相位灵敏度的影响.研究表明:光子数态注入时,相位测量灵敏度始终不能超越标准量子极限;关联数态注入时,无论多大的光子数,要获得相位测量的量子增强,探测效率不得小于75%;对于压缩真空态,只要有压缩存在就可以获得一定的相位测量的量子增强;关联数态、压缩真空态的注入,相位灵敏度皆随探测效率的增大而不同程度的提高,且压缩真空态比关联数态具有更好的量子增强效果.给出了在量子增强的精密测量实验中对探测效率的要求,并结合实际应用说明了探测效率的提高有助于提高干涉仪探测的灵敏度.

Three kinds of quantum light sources:Fock state,correlated Fock-state and squeezed vacuum state,which serve as the injection end of Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)are investigated.The effect of detection quantum efficiency on the sensitivity of phase measurement in MZI is analyzed by using the intensity difference detection scheme.By analyzing the MZI system,the quantitative relationship between the sensitivity of phase measurement and the detection efficiency is obtained.It is found that the phase sensitivity cannot go beyond the standard quantum limit in any case when the Fock state is injected into interferometer,that is,the Fock state does not realize quantum enhanced measurement (QEM). And the injection of correlated Fock-state or squeezed vacuum state of light can go beyond the standard quantum limit, but the conditions for realizing quantum enhancement are different,quantum enhancement can only be achieved when the detection efficiency is greater than 75%for correlated Fock-state,or the squeezed vacuum state of light is injected into interferometer.There is no limitation of the minimum detection efficiency for realizing quantum enhancement on squeezed vacuum state.In principle,quantum enhancement can be achieved as long as the squeezed vacuum state is injected.The influence of detection efficiency on the phase sensitivity is investigated when the correlated Fock-state and the squeezed vacuum state are injected into the MZI.It is found that the phase sensitivity or quantum enhancement becomes better as the quantum efficiency of the detection system turns higher.And it is the squeezed vacuum state injected into the interferometer that has better quantum enhancement effect than the correlated Fock-state.In this study, the requirements for the detection efficiency for realizing QEM in experiment are given,which is of great significance for studying the QEM,when taking the real experimental system into account.In addition,the conclusions obtained from the MZI model discussed can also be used to analyze the sensitivity of detecting the gravitational wave,it explains that the improvement of detector efficiency can indeed improve the sensitivity to gravitational wave detection,which will play an important role in exploring gravitational waves and understanding the time and space to reveal the mystery of the universe in the future.