上海市浦东新区3～6岁儿童超重/肥胖影响因素分析

Analysis of the influencing factors for overweight/obesity of 3 to 6-year-old children in Pudong New Area,Shanghai

目的了解上海市浦东新区3~6岁儿童超重肥胖现况及其影响因素,为有效预防和控制儿童超重肥胖的发生提供新思路。方法 2018年3-4月,对上海市浦东新区托幼机构3 789名儿童采用问卷自填与研究者测量结合方式,进行生长发育影响因素调查。结果 3 789名儿童中超重有528人,占13.9%;肥胖575人,占15.2%。经单因素χ^2检验以及多项Logisitc多因素分析发现,高出生体重、父亲BMI高、父亲职业为职员、父亲受教育程度高、家长自认为儿童体型偏胖、儿童胃口好、经常边吃边看电子产品、荤菜摄入过多、进餐速度<15min是儿童超重肥胖的危险因素。BMI正常组儿童进一步深化比较发现,BMI百分位数介于P50~P85儿童具备的高危因素与超重肥胖儿童高度重合。结论控制儿童肥胖发生不仅是管理儿童,更多是改变家长的不良生活方式以及父亲教养儿童程度。为有效预防儿童超重肥胖发生,可重点干预BMI百分位数介于P50~P85的正常儿童。

Objective To learn about the situation and the influencing factors of overweight/obesity children aged 3~6 in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,in order to provide some new thoughts to prevent and control overweight/obesity in children. Method A total of 3 789 preschool-age children were asked to fill out self-designed questionnaires or with the help of researchers in Pudong New Area,Shanghai from March to April in 2018.And the key factors for children′s growth and development were investigated. Results Totally 528(13.9%)children were detected as overweight in 3 789 children,and575(15.2%)children were obese.Single factor Chi-square analysis and multiple Logisitc analysis showed that the high-risk factors for obesity included high birth weight,childrens′father with high body mass index(BMI)and with profession as office worker,as well as with high education,parents thought their children were overweight,children with a good appetite,children with behavior of watching electrical products while eating,taking more meat and having meals less than 15 minutes.When compared with normal BMI group,the high-risk factors in children whose BMI was in P50-P85 of the overall children were highly similar to those in overweight/obesity children. Conclusions It is a challenge to control childhood obesity for children management,the change of parents′unhealthy lifestyle as well as fathers′attention to children rearing.In order to prevent the occurrence of overweight/obesity children effectively,it is suggested to focus on normal children with BMI in P50-P85 of the overall normal children.