基于免疫算法的全断面岩石掘进机刀盘滚刀布局设计理论研究

Theoretical study on disc-cutter layout of Tunnel Boring Machine based on immune genetic algorithm

全断面岩石隧道掘进机(TBM)刀盘滚刀布局对掘进性能有显著影响。文中针对滚刀受力与刀盘滚刀布局方法进行分析,针对刀盘径向载荷最小、刀盘倾覆力矩最小、质量分布均匀、破岩差异量最小4个优化目标进行层次分析法加权统一,建立了刀盘滚刀布局优化模型,采用具有非退化优势的免疫算法对刀盘滚刀布局进行了优化设计。以大伙房隧道的刀盘模型为工程实例,利用刀盘滚刀布局优化模型对MB264-311TBM型掘进机滚刀的优化布置进行了实践,针对米字型、螺旋线型破岩协调耦合布局及不具有耦合关系的随机型滚刀布局分别进行优化计算,优化效果显著。其中,随机型滚刀布置的优化结果明显减小了刀盘径向载荷与倾覆力矩,优化程度高达91.475%,提出基于随机型滚刀布局方式的TBM刀盘布局设计新理论。在兼顾刀盘的非性能指标约束条件下,该布局理论对于提升滚刀破岩效率、提高刀盘刀具的使用寿命具有重要的工程应用价值。

The disc-cutter layout is of vital importance to the performance of TBM.In this paper,based on the analysis on the cutter force and the disc-cutter layout,the optimization model of the disc-cutter layout is set up,which involves the following four aspects:the minimum radial load,the minimum overturning moment,even mass distribution,and the minimum rock breaking difference.Moreover,the optimization model is applied to find out the optimal layout of the star pattern,the multi-spiral pattern,and the stochastic pattern respectively,based on the data of MB264-311TBM and Dahuofang Tunneling Project.By means of immune genetic algorithm(IGA),the optimal results of different patterns are obtained.Compared with original pattern, the stochastic pattern has significantly reduced the radial load and overturning moment of the disc cutter,with the optimization as much as 91.475%.As a result,the stochastic pattern is recommended to be adopted in the manufacturing and applying TBM, in order to improve the TBM performance,increase the disc cutter's service life,and meet the other non-performance requirements.