论林兆华的先锋主义戏剧观

On Lin Zhaohua's Avant-Garde Theatrical Concept

对传统现实主义戏剧而言,文学剧本通常发挥着"一剧之本"的作用,即导演的思想和演员的表演都应该与剧本相一致。林兆华则认为,真正的舞台戏剧表演所呈现出的艺术效果,是该远大于文学剧本的。这一价值设定,一方面表明林兆华在编排剧目的时候,是不会完全按照文学剧本的逻辑来构筑其舞台"文本"的逻辑的;另一方面也表明林兆华在一定层面上改变了导演的身份和职责——由原本对剧本思想的执行者变成了戏剧思想的创造者。他对不是剧本的剧本的崇尚和用"演"替代"说"的艺术实践,以及影响甚广的"导演的第二主题""表演的双重结构"等理论的提出,都在某种程度上影响了当代戏剧的发展形态。

For traditional realistic drama,literary text plays a role of "the fundamental of a drama",namely, the director's ideas and the actors'performance are to be in agreement with the text of the drama.However, Lin Zhaohua believes that the artistic effects of a stage performance are supposed to be larger than that of the text.This hypothesis indicates that Lin would not construct his logic of directing completely and strictly according to the text of the drama.On the other hand,it also implies that Lin turns the director's identity and role from an original-executor of the-text of a drama to a creator of ideas.The ideas,including the emphasis on a non-literary text,substitution of "narrating"with "perfomaing",the so-called "the director's second theme" and "double structures of performance"that he advanced,have influenced the orientation or development of contemporary drama in China.