深度贫困地区农村金融与农户收入增长:益贫还是益富?

Rural Finance and Farmers' Income Growth in Poverty-Stricken Areas:Benefit the Poor or Benefit the Rich?

基于深度贫困地区微观农户调查数据,从农户异质性视角实证考察了深度贫困地区农村金融对农户收入增长的影响。研究表明:(1)深度贫困地区农村正规金融有效促进了农户收入增长,但这一增收效应具有明显的异质性特征,具体表现为"精英农户"的增收效应远高于"贫困农户";(2)深度贫困地区农村非正规金融对农户收入增长的抑制作用主要表现在"贫困农户"群体当中。由此可见,现阶段我国深度贫困地区农村金融表现出更加明显的"益富"特征。因此,必须提高深度贫困地区金融资源投入的精准性,完善深度贫困地区农村金融体系,夯实深度贫困地区农村金融减贫增收的基础性条件。

Based on the survey data of the microcosmic farmers in the poverty-stricken areas, this paper empirically examines the impact of rural finance on the growth of farmers’ income from the perspective of farmers’ heterogeneity. The conclusions are as follows:(1) the rural formal finance in the poverty-stricken areas has effectively promoted the income growth of the farmers, but the effect has obvious heterogeneity, specifically, the growth effect on the "elite farmers" is far greater than that on the "poor farmers".(2) the inhibitory effect of rural informal finance on farmers’ income growth in poverty-stricken areas is mainly manifested in the groups of "poor farmers". Thus it can be seen that at present stage the rural finance in the poverty-stricken areas shows obvious characteristics of"benefit the rich". Therefore, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of financial resources input, to perfect the rural financial system, and to consolidate the basic conditions for rural financial poverty reduction and income increase in the poverty-stricken areas.