大数据时代国外数据素养研究:争议、类型及实践形态

Overseas Research of Data Literacy in the Era of Big Data:Controversy,Type and Practice

大数据技术革命中数据技能缺失、算法决策风险、数据参与差距等诸多问题引发国外学者对数据素养的关注。从理论层面而言,数据素养本身具有内在合法性的争议,即数据素养在大数据时代是否适用以及数据素养的技术维度与社会伦理维度的关系界定。从实践层面而言,数据素养主要包括工匠型数据素养、参与型数据素养和交互型数据素养,其实践形态以技术干预模式为主。为了规避数据驱动社会的各类风险,需超越技术性的数据素养,从人与数据交互的视角把社会伦理融入到数据素养中,以促进以人为本的大数据技术发展。

The foreign scholars'concern for data literacy stems from some important issues like the lack of data skills, the risk of algorithm selection and decision - making, and the data participation gap. From the theoretic angles, the concept of data literacy itself has controversies over internal legality:( 1 ) whether the concept of data literacy is still applicable in the era of big data; ( 2 ) How to define the relationship between technical dimension and ethical dimension of data literacy concept? From the practical angles, data literacy mainly includes data literacy as craftsmanship, participative data literacy and in-terative data literacy. Their practice is mainly based on technical intervention. In order to avoid rather than just identify the risks of data - driven society, we need to go beyond technical data literacy. Then we should integrate social and ethics issues into data literacy from the viewpoint of HDI to promote people -oriented big data technology development.