中国古代青铜器铸焊技术探源

Exploring the Source of China's Ancient Bronze Casting-Welding Technology

通过对典型青铜器种类及器形发展变化的考察,探析了中国古代青铜器铸焊技术的产生与发展。在夏代中后期约公元前1800—前1600年时,为弥补薄壁空腔青铜器的铸造缺陷,出现了修补性铸焊;商代前期至中期约公元前1600年—前1300年时,青铜器体积变大、铜鼎由圆变方,这种改变催生了刻意划分部件的拼铸焊接;整个夏商时代,青铜器的形制逐渐复杂,使许多附件与器身之间都需要通过铸焊技术进行连接;此外,为追求更加锋利的刃部,商代中后期出现了以陨铁为刃青铜为身的铸焊连接兵器。文章按照历史发展顺序总结归纳了中国古代青铜器铸焊技术的产生、应用及发展特征。研究表明,铸焊技术是中国古代辉煌青铜文明的重要技术支撑。

Through the observation of the changes in type and shape of typical bronzes,this research explores the generation and development of casting-welding technology for ancient Chinese bronzes. In the middle and late Xia dynasty,about 1800 BC to 1600 BC,in order to patch up the casting defects of thinwalled cavity bronzes,patching-casting-welding technique was invented. In the early to middle period of Shang dynasty,about 1600 BC to 1300 BC,the volume of bronzes were getting larger and the shape of bronze Ding( a tripod jar) turned from circular to square. These changes had given rise to a new technique called Split joint-Welding. In the whole period of Xia and Shang dynasty,the shape and style of bronzes were gradually complicated,which made many accessories of bronzes need to be conneted to the main bodies by casting-welding technology. Also in pursuit of a sharper blade,after middle Shang dynasty a new kind of aerosiderite blade-bronze body weapon was created through casting-welding technology. This article sums up the characteristics of production,application and development of China’s ancient bronze casting-welding technology in a chronological order. The research suggests that casting-welding technology is an important technical support for the glorious bronze civilization in ancient China.