园艺植物性别决定机制研究进展

Progress on Sex Determinant Mechanism in Horticultural Plants

性染色体、性别基因、MADS-box转录因子等是植物雌雄个体或器官发育过程中关键的遗传因素。性染色体和性别决定基因是雌雄异株植物性别决定的遗传基础,而性别分化基因在花器官分生组织中选择性表达,调控不同性别花的产生。花发育的ABCDE模型中涉及的基因绝大部分属于MADS-box家族基因。综述了植物性染色体进化机制、园艺植物性染色体类型、性别连锁基因群定位、基因鉴定以及MADS-box家族基因对花器官发育的调控等方面的研究进展,并提出园艺植物性别决定机制研究中需要解决的问题。

Sex chromosomes,genes and MADS-box transcription factors are the key genetic factors in the development of individual or organ. In dioecism,sex chromosomes and sex determination genes determine exclusive male or female function and are the material base of heredity. Sex differentiation genes are alternatively expressed in the meristem of floral organs,which regulate the development of unisexual flower development. The ABCDE model of flower development proposes the existence of five types of gene function(A,B,C,D,and E). It turned out to be mostly genes of this model that encode members of the MADS-box family. Plant MADS-box genes regulate the timing of flower initiation and flower meristem identity,as well as various aspects of ovule,fruit,leaf,and root development. Here, we reviewed the evolutionary mechanism of plant sex chromosomes,the sex chromosomes system in horticultural plants,the localization of linkage groups of sex determination genes,the identification of genes and the research of flower development regulated by MADS-box gene family. For the future elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of sex determination in horticultural plants,numerous key topics were discussed.