士人精神與商人心態的悖立——湯顯祖與李漁戲劇創作比較論

Contrast Between Spirit of Scholar and Mentality of Merchant——Comparison of Tang Xianzu and Li Yu in Drama Writing

如果説湯顯祖是明清兩代最能體現士人精神的戲劇作家,那麽,李漁無疑是最能彰顯商人心態的戲劇作家;他們的戲劇創作,最典型地揭櫫了中國古代戲劇創作兩種基本悖立的價值追求與創作境界,要而言之,即"謀道"與"謀生"。湯顯祖與李漁戲劇創作截然有異,歸因於他們思想境界、人格氣象、創作旨趣與審美選擇的諸多不同。李漁雖有更爲系統的戲劇創作理論與更爲豐富的劇場藝術實踐經驗,但其戲劇創作成就遠不能望湯顯祖之項背。

If Tang Xianzu was regarded as the dramatist carrying the greatest spirit of scholar in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Li Yu was undoubtedly the dramatist who could most apparently demonstrate the mentality of merchant. Their dramas typically reveal the two basically opposite value pursuits and writing states in ancient Chinese drama creation. In short words, it is a contrast between the pursuit of morality and livelihood. The distinction between the drama writing of Tang Xianzu and Li Yu can be attributed to their differences in terms of ideological level, personality, writing objective and aesthetic choice.