面向洪灾全生命周期的应急场景模型

Emergency scenario model for life cycle flood disaster

针对洪灾应急信息缺乏快速准确表达的问题,该文提出了一种顾及洪灾全生命周期的场景模型。在场景模型要素的选取中,结合地理场景包含的要素以及洪灾本身的特性,分别就洪灾不同阶段的不同应急信息分析,最终确立以时空、人物、事务、事件、现象5大要素作为构建场景模型的基本元素。以主题图为建模工具分别就选取的5大建模元素构建了全生命周期洪灾应急场景主题模型,要素之间通过主题图的关联关系实现关联,该模型能够清楚表达在应急状况下不同阶段的应急信息。结合2018年5月广西玉林发生的洪灾,开展了关于模型分阶段实验。结果表明,该文提出的洪灾全生命周期的应急场景模型能实现对洪灾全生命周期的应急信息表达,对防灾减灾救灾起到一定的辅助作用。

Aiming at the problem of lacking of rapid and accurate expression in flood emergency information,a scene model including the whole life cycle of flood disaster was proposed.In the selection of scene model elements,combining with the characteristics of the geographical scene and the characteristics of the flood itself,different stages of the flood disaster with the different emergency information were analyzed,and finally the five major elements were established which included time and space,people,affairs,events and phenomena,these five elements were built as the construction scene model’s basic elements.The topic maps was used as the modeling tool to construct the topic model of the whole life cycle flood emergency scene.The elements were related through the association of the topic map.The model could express emergency information clear at different stages of an emergency situation.Combined with the floods in Yulin,Guangxi,in May 2018,a staged experiment on the model was carried out.The results showed that a scene model including the whole life cycle of flood disaster proposed in this paper could realize the emergency information expression of the whole life cycle of flood disaster and it could play a certain auxiliary role in disaster prevention,disaster reduction and disaster relief.