儿童急性呼吸道感染病毒谱分析

Virus spectrum analysis of acute respiratory infection in children

目的分析本院儿童急性呼吸道感染病毒谱的特征与规律。方法选择2017年2月-2018年3月因急性呼吸道感染于抚顺市矿务局总医院儿科门诊、病房就诊的860例患儿,通过采集鼻咽拭子标本,利用直接免疫荧光法检测7种常见呼吸道病毒。分析各病毒感染与季节、年龄、性别的关系及特点。结果共检出病毒阳性患儿273例,总阳性率为31.74%。呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、流感病毒A型(Flu-A)、流感病毒B型(Flu-B)、副流感病毒1型(PIV-Ⅰ)、副流感病毒2型(PIV-Ⅱ)、副流感病毒3型(PIV-Ⅲ)的阳性率分别为20.23%、5.23%、2.91%、1.28%、2.21%、1.98%、3.84%。在不同年龄段中,病毒总检出率最高的是0～6个月婴儿组,为28.94%。呼吸道病毒在冬季的检出率最高(50.92%),夏季的检出率最低(7.69%)。不同呼吸道感染的疾病检出率不同,毛细支气管炎的检出率最高,为45.71%。结论呼吸道合胞病毒是冬季儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染的主要病原,不同年龄、不同季节及呼吸道疾病的检出率均有差异。病毒的早期识别可减少误用和滥用抗生素,指导临床诊疗。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of virus spectrum of acute respiratory infection in children.Methods From February 2017to March 2018,860children with acute respiratory infection were treated in pediatric department of Fushun Mining Bureau General Hospital.Seven common respiratory viruses were detected using direct immunofluorescence method by collecting nasopharyngeal swabs.The characteristics of each virus infection and its relationship with season,age and gender were analyzed. Results The total number of positive cases was 273with the total positive rate of 31.74%.The positive rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus (ADV),influenza virus type A (Flu-A),influenza virus type B (Flu-B),paroinfluenza virus type 1(PIV-Ⅰ), paroinfluenza virus type 2(PIV-Ⅱ) and PIV-3(PIV-Ⅲ) were 20.23%,5.23%,2.91%,1.28%,2.21%,1.98%,and 3.84%, respectively.The highest virus detection rate was found in infant with age of 0-6 months,which was 28.94%.The detection rate of respiratory viruses was the highest in winter (50.92%),and it was 7.69% in summer.The detection rates in different respiratory tract infections were different,with bronchitis (45.71%) as the highest.Conclusion Respiratory syncytial virus is the main pathogen of acute respiratory virus infection in children in winter.The virus detection rate in respiratory diseases varies with different ages and seasons.Early identification of viruses can reduce the misuse and abuse of antibiotics,and guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.