中国大型真菌多样性评估指标体系构建与调查方法研究

Survey methods and indicator system of assessment for macrofungal diversity in China

【目的】指标体系是开展评估的主要工具,数据缺失是评估实施的主要制约因素。笔者构建中国大型真菌多样性评估指标体系和区域本底数据并获得调查关键技术与方法,以期促进中国大型真菌多样性调查与评估的标准化、统一化与系统化。【方法】借鉴国内外大型真菌多样性与资源评价和生物多样性评估的主要研究成果,基于压力-状态-响应模型,采用专家咨询法和频度分析法,构建中国大型真菌多样性评估指标体系,并进行试点评估验证。借鉴国内外经验,研究建立了中国大型真菌多样性调查关键技术和方法,并进行试点调查验证。【结果】评估指标体系包括18项指标,可在区域尺度上对大型真菌多样性现状、受威胁状况、保护状况等进行评估。自然保护区等生物多样性丰富的区域采用踏查法全面调查大型真菌种类、分布、生境和威胁因子等,其他区域采用样线法调查。对于具有重要经济价值的大型真菌,进行实地访谈和市场调查。此外,明确了调查方法使用的主要规则与具体要求。【结论】指标体系符合压力-状态-响应逻辑框架,调查方法应以踏查和样线法为主,访谈和市场调查法为辅。试点调查与评估结果表明,已经建立的大型真菌多样性评估指标体系和调查关键技术与方法适用于区域大型真菌多样性调查与评估。

[Objective]Indicator system is imperative factor for a scientific assessment,data deficiency is usually the main restricting factor of an assessment.This study aims to develop an indicator system for the assessment and survey methods of macrofungal diversity in China and to standardize,unify and systematize the national survey and assessment of macrofungal diversity.[Method]Based on the findings and progresses of previous studies,particularly the National Macrofungal Diversity Pilot Assessment,on macrofungal diversity and resource assessments and also biodiversity assessments,an indicator system for macrofungal diversity assessment in China was developed using the pressure-state-response(PSR)model,with helps of expert review and frequency analysis.The key techniques and methods of National Macrofungal Diversity Pilot Survey were developed based on domestic and foreign experiences.[Result]The indicator system consists of 18 individual indicators to assess diversity,threatened status and conservation state of macrofungi on a regional scale.The spot survey method should be used to investigate species,distribution,habitats and threatening factors of macrofungi in the areas with rich biodiversity,e.g.nature reserves,whilst in other areas the line intercept method should be adopted.In addition to the above methods,interviews and market surveys should be considered for commercial macrofungi.In addition,the main principles and specific requirements of the system of survey method were clarified.[Conclusion]Indicators in the system for assessment might be grouped and logically linked under the Pressure-State-Response framework.In the survey methods,the spot survey and line intercept methods were the main methods.Interview and market surveys were supplementary.The results of the National Macrofungal Diversity Pilot Survey and Assessment suggested that the survey methods and indicator system of assessment were suitable for the biodiversity investigation and assessment of macrofungi at regional scale.