民族国家建构的方式与轨迹——基于联合国会员国的分析

The Mode and Trajectory of Nation-State Building——Based on the Analysis of the United Nations′ Member States

民族国家是当今时代得到普遍认可和接受的一种国家形式。民族国家的形成存在不同的建构方式,其在世界范围内的普及则具有特定的时空路径。然而,现有有关民族国家建构的研究主要集中在战争、暴力、国家结构等单一因素和机制上,主要从国家内部来解释民族国家的形成过程,因此无法从总体上理解民族国家的扩展轨迹和建构方式。以2016年"战争相关研究"(COW)所发布的数据作为分析素材,通过对联合国193个会员国的分析表明,民族国家建构总体上呈现以下时空轨迹:以近代早期的欧洲作为起点,在19世纪早期率先扩展到南美洲,然后扩展到北美洲,再于20世纪广泛扩展到亚洲、非洲和大洋洲。民族国家建构的方式总体上可概括为四种:独立建国、去殖民化、国家解体和国际协助。其中,"去殖民化"是民族国家建构过程中使用频率最高的一种方式。

Nation-state is the only form of state that has been generally recognized and accepted throughout the world. Its popularization in the world has a specific time-space trajectory and building mode. However, the existing researches on nation-state building mainly focus on single and internal factors such as productivity and war within a country. Therefore, it is impossible to understand the general expansion trajectory and building mode of the nationstate. Based on the data released by COW in 2016, the analysis of the 193 member states of the United Nations shows that the nation-state building generally shows the following space-time trajectories: With the early modern Europe as a starting point, it first spread to South America in the early 19 th century, then spread to North America in the 19 th century and then to Asia, Africa and Oceania in the 20 th century. On the whole, there are four modes for the nation-state building: formation of statehood, decolonization, the dissolution of a state and international assistance. Among them, "decolonization" is the most frequently used in the building of nation-state in the world.