政府职能的回归与重塑——改革开放40周年住房保障政策优化的逻辑和方向

The Return and Reconstruction of Government Functions:The Logic of Housing security Policy Optimization in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening up

政府作为住房保障的责任主体,在实现住房的供给和保障社会公平的过程中,政府的职能不断转换,既要满足住房市场多层次的需求,又要调节住房市场的供求平衡,保证住房市场的长期、健康发展。文章以中央发布的166个文件为研究样本,运用政策文本量化分析方法进行文本内容分析和政策工具量化分析,研究中国改革开放40周年住房保障政策的发展历程和演化逻辑,得到以下结论:改革开放40年来,中国特色住房保障体系已基本形成,住房保障政策基于收入阶层差异化分类瞄准机制而系统设计;市场在资源配置中的基础性作用得以充分发挥,住房保障中的政府职能得到螺旋式强化;住房政策工具数量不断增加,并以结构式强制工具为主;要实现全体人民住有所居,政府的宏观调控作用是建立多主体供给、多渠道保障、满足不同收入阶层住房需求的有效保证。

As the main body of housing security,the government's functions are constantly changing in the process of realizing the supply of housing and ensuring social equity.It must meet the multi-level needs of the housing market,and adjust the balance of supply and demand in the housing market to ensure the housing market to have long-term,healthy development.This paper takes 166 documents published by the central government as the research sample,uses the textual quantitative analysis method to analyze the text content and quantify the policy tools,and studies the development history and evolutionary logic of the housing security policy of the 40th anniversary of China's reform and opening up,and draws the following conclusions:since the reform and opening up,the housing security system with Chinese characteristics has been basically formed.The housing security policy is designed based on the differentiation and classification mechanism of the income class.The basic role of the market in resource allocation is fully exerted, and the government functions in housing security are spirally strengthened.The number of housing policy tools is increasing,and structurally compulsory tools are the mainstay;to achieve the residence of all people,the government's macro-control role is to establish multi-subject supply,multi-channel guarantees,and to meet the housing needs of different income groups.