基于语料库的医患交际语篇特征分析

Analysis of Communicative Discourse Characteristics of Doctors and Patients Based on Doctor-Patient Conversation Corpus

以往医患会话研究多聚焦影视文本中局部单一的言语行为。本研究创建真实医患会话语料库,分析医患语料库的语用风格及其在会话分析中的功能,并结合医生的"询问"和"劝说"实例分析医患交际语篇特征,以期为医患交际研究提供新的视角和范式。研究发现,医生采用不同的言语行为实施"询问"的言语行为,这说明言语行为的会话分析研究不能只分析局部单一的言语行为形式,应结合交际场合、交际参与者和交际目的评定整个"询问"言语行为的形成;医生的"劝说"言语行为表现出典型的人际语用特征,与医患双方的角色、认知域、心理情感和身份关系构建紧密相关,这为会话分析理论的发展提供了新的分析空间和路径。

Most of the previous studies on doctor-patient conversation analyzed local unitary speech act, and were based on the corpus of video texts. This study creates an authentic doctor-patient conversation corpus, reveals the pragmatic style of doctor-patient corpus and its function in conversation analysis, and analyzes the communicative discourse characteristics of doctors and patients with examples of doctor’s “ inquiry” and “ persuasion”. The study is to provide new perspectives and paradigms on doctor-patient communicative research. It finds that doctors use different verbal behaviors to implement the “ inquiry” speech act. It finds that the conversational analysis of speech acts should not merely analyze the single speech act form, but should evaluate the communicative context, participants and communicative goals to set the formation of a speech act. It also finds that doctors’ “persuading” speech acts exhibit typical interpersonal pragmatic features, which are closely related to the roles of doctors and patients, their cognitive domains, emotions and identity relations. These findings point out directions of developing conversational analysis theory.