汽车后防撞梁安全性能分析及优化

Analysis and optimization on safety performance of rear bumper

以某三厢轿车为对象,建立了其含假人的碰撞有限元模型,通过100%正面碰撞试验验证了模型的有效性。根据GB 20072—2006和实际生活中的追尾情况,建立了汽车-壁障和汽车-汽车两种追尾碰撞模型,对每种模型分别进行安装和未安装后防撞梁两种情况下的碰撞进行仿真分析。结果表明,未安装后防撞梁时,汽车后部结构变形大幅增加,后排乘员损伤增加,且汽车-汽车形式的追尾碰撞比汽车-壁障追尾碰撞更为严重。采用移动最小二乘响应面法建立预测模型,结合自适应响应面法对汽车后防撞梁的厚度进行优化匹配,有望实现后防撞梁的轻量化和改善后排乘员的损伤情况。

Based on GB 20072--2006and rear-end collision in real life,finite element model of a passenger car with a dummy in rear-end collision is established,which correspond to car-sled model and car-ear model respectively.Each model contains two types :original model and model without rear bumper.The simulation shows that deformation of structures of rear vehicle and injury of passenger increase heavily in model without rear bumper.The situation also happens to car-car model.In general,structural deformation and human injury in car-car model are fiigher than that in ear-sled model.Thickness of rear bumper is optimized via moving least square response surface method and Adaptive Response Surface Method(ARSM).It is expected that to light weighting of rear bumper and improve iniury of oassenger.