“复式转型”:地方政府大数据治理改革的逻辑分析

“Duplex Transition”: the Logic of Big Data Reform of Local Governance

地方政府的大数据治理改革内嵌于服务型政府建设的总情境中。当前,服务型政府建设过程面临着"增量压力"与"提质压力"并存的"双重压力"。由于"双重压力"的作用,地方政府的大数据治理改革呈现出"复式转型"的逻辑特点,即地方政府是同时从"存量数据治理"与"增量数据治理"两个不同维度推进大数据治理改革。在"复式转型"的过程中,地方政府数据管理水平难以支撑大数据治理改革的适应性困境逐渐显现出来。具体表现为三个基本矛盾:一是数据共享与数据安全之间的矛盾,二是数据所有权与数据使用权之间的矛盾,三是数据公共性与部门利益性之间的矛盾。为解决这些矛盾,地方政府的大数据治理改革需要抓住提高"数据管理水平"为基础与建设"数据交易平台"两个改革支点,分层次地展开改革。

The Big Data reform of the local government is embedded in the background of "double pressure", including the change from regulation government to service-orient government and from service-orient government to targeted government. Under this type of "double pressure", the Big Data reform of local government presents a trait named "Duplex Transition", which means that local governments promotes the reform of Big Data governance by two dimensions at the same time including "governance by data on stock" and "governance by incremental data". The data management capacity is a critical factor of the adaption problem in local governments. Because of low capacity of data managements in local government, "Duplex Transition" has to face three basic contradictions, which concludes the contradiction between data share and data safety, the contradiction between data ownership and the right of data use, and the contradiction between the publicity of data and the interests of local government sectors. In order to solve these contradictions, local governments has to take two fulcrum of reform, promoting data management and constructing data transaction platform.