新复垦区春玉米生产适宜耕作方式试验研究

Experimental research on appropriate tillage for spring maize growth in new reclaimed land

为了探索改善新复垦区土壤环境的途径,寻求适宜该区春玉米生长的耕作方式,开展了传统耕作(CK)、秸秆深埋(BS)、地膜覆盖(FM)、地膜覆盖+秸秆深埋(FM+BS) 4种措施下的田间试验,对比研究了不同耕作方式下土壤水分、养分的动态变化及春玉米生长和产量状况,并采用多维综合隶属度分析法对各耕作方式进行评价。结果表明:FM+BS处理提高了0~60 cm土层土壤含水量,且优化了春玉米需水关键期土壤剖面水分分布。BS处理显著提高了土壤0~30cm土层有机质含量。同时,BS、FM及FM+BS处理的玉米产量均显著高于CK。灰色多维综合隶属度综合评价结果表明,CK、BS、FM及FM+BS处理的评价等级分别为较差、一般、较好、优良。因此,FM+BS处理在新复垦区具有明显的蓄水保墒增肥效果,并能初步改善农田土壤环境以获得春玉米高产稳产。本研究可为新复垦区春玉米生产适宜耕作方式的探索研究提供依据。

In order to improve soil environment in new reclaimed land and seek an appropriate tillage management for spring maize,a field experiment was carried out with four treatments of tillage practices,including the traditional tillage (CK),plastic film mulching (FM),straw burying (BS)and straw burying and plastic film mulching (FM +BS).The effects of different tillage on soil water content and fertility dynamics as well as spring maize yield were studied,the tillage managements were evaluated by gray multidimensional comprehensive feudatory degree evaluation.The results indicated that FM +BS increased soil water content at 0-60cm and improved moisture distribution of soil profile at critical period for water requirement.The average soil organic matter content at 0-30cm under BS was significantly improved.The yields under BS,FM and FM +BS were significantly higher than CK.The results of gray multidimensional comprehensive feudatory degree evaluation showed that the grade of CK,BS,FM and FM +BS were poor, general,fair and good.Therefore the FM +BS showed a distinct effect on soil water preservation and fertility promotion,which initially improved the soil environment of new reclaimed land and ensured a higher production of spring maize.The results can provide basis for researching appropriate tillage management for spring maize growth in new reclaimed land.