如何理解工程电介质中极化与电导两个基本物理过程及其测量的科学原理与方法

How to Understand the Two Basic Physical Processes of Polarization and Conductance in Engineering Dielectrics and Scientific Principles and Methods of their Measurement

对法拉第提出的电介质是一种具有极化(储存电能)与仅能通过微弱电流的物质的原始定义做了新的合理诠释,提出按束缚能划分参加电介质极化与电导两个基本物理过程的基本物理单元,指出极化与电导的共存性。特别是介绍了复合电介质中具有分形时间与分形逾渗结构,以及空间电荷相关的基础物理知识。提出空间电荷注入由浅至深陷阱的俘获截面判据以及电介质中类氢原子的陷阱模型。描述低电场下电介质极化与电导的时域–频域响应,补充了与强低频弥散密切相关的分形时间与分形结构的普适响应。通过分析空间电荷极化与电导的相关研究方法,提出强电场下几种典型的电子电导相关性及其区分方法:等温衰减、热激电流与时域–频域谱在t/τp^1时三者之间的等效性;M. W微纳界面极化电子隧穿的尺度判据;SCLC(j-Vn)图形法分析陷阱深度与密度的相关特性;脉冲电声法仅是一种测量技术,而不是一种具有科学原理的测量方法;直流法的共性与互通性。针对科学研究方法的重要性,提出图形法、矩(重心)法、理解公式法,以及三种具体的研究方法。

In this paper the original definition of dielectric put forward by Faraday was newly and reasonably interpreted, and two basic physical processes of polarization and conductance of Faraday dielectrics were thoroughly understanding. The five basis physical units involved in the two above physical processes based on bound energy are presented, the coexistence and relevance of polarization process and conductance process were pointed out. Especially, the universal theories of fractal time and fractal percolation structure in the composite dielectric and physical foundation related to space charge were introduced. The capture cross section criterion of space charge injection from the shallow trap to the deep trap, and the trap model of hydrogen like in dielectric were proposed. Further, the time-frequency response of polarization and conductance under low electric field was described, and the universal response of fractal time and fractal structure closely related to strong low-frequency dispersion was supplemented. By analyzing four typical research methods related to space charge polarization and conductance, author puts forward: The correlation and distinguishing methods of several typical electronic conductance under a strong electric field; The equivalence relations among the three methods, isothermal decay, thermal stimulated current and time-frequency spectrum at the case of t/τp^1; The scale criterion of electron tunneling through M. W micro-mesoscopic interface; The correlated characteristics of trap level and trap energy by the graphic method of SCLC(j-Vn); It is proposed that the pulsed electro-acoustic method(PEA) is only a measurement technique, not a scientific measurement method; the commonality and interoperability of DC method are emphasized. In view of the importance of scientific research methods, three specific research methods, graphic method, moment(center of gravity) method, understanding formula method are proposed.