创业导向与新企业绩效:一个双重中介及调节性效应模型

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of New Ventures:A Double Mediation and Moderated Model

创业导向与绩效的关系已有诸多研究成果,但其研究结论并不聚敛,而其原因主要是因为中介变量,创业导向到绩效的"黑箱"仍旧是当前创业研究领域的热点议题。现有研究主要聚焦于单一的中介变量在创业导向与绩效关系中的影响效果,而双重中介变量的影响效果却鲜有研究,这对于揭示创业导向与绩效之间的关系机理助益较少。为了探究创业导向对绩效的纵向影响,基于181份新企业跨期数据,文章探究了市场导向和学习导向在创业导向与绩效关系中的双重中介效应,并分析了学习能力的调节效应。实证结果表明:创业导向与绩效存在正相关关系;而市场导向和学习导向在创业导向与绩效的关系中分别具有显著的中介效用,而且学习导向的中介效用大于市场导向的中介效用;创业导向通过市场导向和学习导向对新企业绩效的非直接影响分别受到学习能力的正向调节作用,也即,学习能力越强,市场导向和学习导向在创业导向转化为绩效的过程中所起的中介效应越大。本研究进一步展现了市场导向和学习导向在创业导向与绩效关系中的双重影响机制,凸显了学习能力在创业导向转化为绩效过程中的突出作用,丰富了创业导向和组织学习相关研究,也为新企业构建学习型组织提供了有价值的借鉴。

Entrepreneurial orientation(EO),conceptualized along three firm-level dimensions:innovativeness,proactiveness,and risk-taking has alw ays been one of the core issues in the field of entrepreneurship,and has received much attention from both theoretical and empirical studies.The important effect of EO to firm performance has been w idely recognized.Lumpkin and Dess pointed out that the EO-performance relationship is moderated by many variables.How ever,the impact of EO on performance may have indirect effects in addition to having direct effects.M oreover,although researchers have attempted to open the black box of EO-performance relationship,they explore the effect of a single mediator on the EO-performance relationship.Thus,the study of the effect of some single mediators as a w hole does not have integrity,and it is an important subject w orthy of further study to clarify the existence of multiple mediators in the EO-performance relationship and to elaborate their different effects.Starting from the firm strategic direction,DiVito and Bohnsack and Wang suggest that market orientation and learning orientation can respond to the above requirements for dual mediation effects,because M O and LO balancing the possible mediation effects in EO-performance relationship from different perspectives and can put forw ard new interpretations for it.Specifically,The process view of organizational learning and the behavior view of market orientation have complementary effects on the theoretical connotation,but both of w hich contain the procedures of market information processing.Specifically,on the one side,EO,simultaneous presence of the three dimensions of innovativeness,proactiveness,and risk taking,w hen combines appropriate organizational design and structure,w ill positively influence M O and thus affect firm performance,and organizational learning processe,on the other side,is an ability of organization to develop new know ledge or insights that help improve performance.Without sufficient information,organizations w ill not be able to have innovative insights and w ill be harmful to firm’s rapid response to demand.Therefore,w hen a firm demonstrates EO,LO w ill drive firm’s commitment to strengthen learning and w ill encourage firm to use open minds to strengthen organizational learning.All in all,M O is a process from outside to inside,w hile LO is a thinking from inside to outside.We can figure out that the research on the effects of single mediator on the relationship betw een EO and performance has gained many achievements,w hile the influence of multivariate mediator on w hich has seldom been deeply researched.Using 181 inter-temporal data from new ventures,this paper explores the mediating effect of market orientation and learning orientation on the relationship betw een entrepreneurial orientation and performance,and analyzes the moderating effect of learning orientation.This paper explores the mediating effect of market orientation and learning orientation on the relationship betw een entrepreneurial orientation and performance,and analyzes the moderating effect of learning capability.The results suggest that there is a positive correlation betw een EO and performance,and market orientation and learning orientation also play a significant mediating role in the above relationship,w hile the mediating effect of learning orientation is larger than learning orientation.M oreover,the indirect influence of entrepreneurial orientation on new firm performance through market orientation and learning orientation is positively regulated by learning capability.This study further demonstrates the influence mechanisms of different strategic orientations in the relationship betw een EO and performance,enriching the research related to entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning.Finally,the theoretical and practical significance is discussed.