基于乡村振兴战略的人居文化环境质量演变驱动机制研究——以长江中游城市群为例

The Driving Mechanism of Human Cultural Environment Quality’s Evolution Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy: A Case of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

实施乡村振兴战略,必将重塑中国现有乡村人居文化环境格局并形成城乡人居文化融合发展的新格局。在科学界定乡村人居文化环境的基础上,侧重解析长江中游城市群乡村人居文化环境的时空基底;并围绕乡村人居文化环境的质量测度,遴选影响人居文化环境变化的关键人类活动因子,构建由目标层、系统指标层、目标分解层与具体指标层所构成的评价指标体系;综合运用人地关系理论、复杂系统理论、景观生态理论,借助Delphi及AHP法和ArcGIS平台探析2005-2015年长江中游城市群地区的乡村人居文化环境时空演变特征。结果显示:①长江中游城市群地区的乡村人居文化环境质量呈现差异化上升的趋势。宜昌、长株潭地区的乡村人居文化环境质量一直处于优良级别,武汉、南昌两大省会所辖乡村地区发展迅速,衡阳市、常德市等传统工业基地已由优良等级逐步降为较差或恶劣等级。②乡村人居文化环境及子系统质量的演变并非完全同步。人居物质文化是人居文化环境系统演变的基础,直接带动了人居制度文化的优先演变,人居精神文化环境滞后于人居物质、制度文化环境的演变。③乡村人居文化环境的时空演变由政府体制机制扶持保障力、现代农业产业体系支撑多元主体需求力、农村公共设施服务力“四轮”共同驱动。

Since China's Strategy Plan for Rural Vitalization (2018-2022) was issued in 2018,that will break the existing cultural pattern of rural living environment and form a new pattern in China.The new pattern will be the urban-rural cultural integrated development.In the new era of rural development habitat cultural environment,this paper analyzed the spatio-temporal basis and development dilemma of the rural living environment at urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.This paper focused on the quality measurement of rural habitat cultural environment and built a hierarchy of evaluation index system from several factors that affect the habitat cultural environment.By using complex theories and methods such as theory of human-land relationship,theory of complex system,theory of landscape ecology,methods of Delphi and AHP,spatial analysis methods of ArcGIS,the paper explored the spatial-temporal evolution of rural habitat cultural environment at urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2005to 2015. Three highlights results were unveiled:first,the quality of rural habitat cultural environment has been showing a difference trend of increasing at urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River;second,the quality of rural habitat cultural environment has been at the most excellent level in Yichang and Chang-zhu-tan regions;and third,the rural areas are developing rapidly in Wuhan and Nanchang.Traditional industrial bases,such as Hengyang and Changde,have been developed from fine level gradually reduced to poor or bad level.The quality evolutions of rural habitat cultural environment and subsystem are not completely synchronized.The habitat material culture is the basis of systematic evolution,and directly led the priority evolution of habitat institutional culture.The evolution of habitat spiritual-cultural environment lags behind rural habitat cultural environment's and habitat institutional culture's.The spatio-temporal evolution of rural habitat cultural environment is driven by four forces,including the support security forces of government system and mechanism,support force of modern agricultural industry system,demand force of multiple subjects, service force of rural public facilities.