国际法理论下公司刑事责任问题再探——从纽伦堡审判到后纽伦堡时代

On the Criminal Liability of Companies under the Theory of International Law——From Nuremberg Trial to Post Nuremberg Era

第二次世界大战时期,欧洲和日本的大公司直接参与国际犯罪或支持国家实施一些严重危害人类的罪行,公司刑事责任开始受到国际社会的关注。纽伦堡后续审判追究了公司代表人共谋行为的刑事责任,但目前国际上并未对公司实体追究刑事责任。反对者持保守视角,认为应仅从纽伦堡审判的法律文本来分析公司刑事责任的问题,而支持者持开放视角,从纽伦堡审判隐含的意思来分析该问题。文章从第三种视角分析,在当代国际法律秩序下寻求法律规范与目的、国际法与国内法之间的平衡。

During the Second World War,large companies in Europe and Japan directly participated in international crimes or supported countries to commit some serious crimes against humanity.Corporate criminal responsibility be-gan to attract the attention of the international community.The subsequent trial in Nuremberg investigated the criminal liability of corporate representatives for conspiracy,but at present there is no international criminal liability for corporate entities.Opponents hold a conservative view that the issue of corporate criminal responsibility should be analyzed only from the legal texts of the Nuremberg trial,while supporters hold an open view to analyze the issue from the implicit meaning of the Nuremberg trial.From the third angle of view,the article seeks the balance between legal norms and purposes,international law and domestic law under the contemporary international legal order.