2014—2017年云南省保山市隆阳区活禽交易市场禽流感病毒污染现状调查

Current situation investigation on avian influenza virus contamination in live poultry market in Longyang District of Baoshan City in Yunnan Province from 2014-2017

目的分析2014—2017保山市隆阳区活禽交易市场禽流感病毒A型(fluA)、H5、H7和H9污染状况,为人感染禽流感防控提供依据。方法2014—2017年采集216份保山市隆阳区活禽交易市场禽流感外环境标本,采用荧光定量聚合酶链式反式(PCR)方法检测fluA,核酸阳性者检测H5、H7和H9。结果2014—2017年保山市隆阳区外环境fluA阳性率在2.50%~68.18%,有逐年增加趋势;fluA、H9、H5、H5+H9混合平均阳性率分别为44.44%、30.56%、5.56%和8.33%,未检出H7,以H9亚型为主;2014和2015年各活禽市场仅检出H9,2016和2017年均检出H5、H9和H5+H9混合;各活禽交易市场均检出fluA、H5、H9亚型和H5+H9混合阳性标本,以明强街活禽市场检出率最高;各类型标本均检出了fluA、H5、H9和H5+H9,各标本中fluA检出率由高至低依次为清洗禽类的污水、宰杀禽肉案板表面擦拭标本、粪便标本及笼具表面擦拭标本。结论2014—2017年保山市隆阳区禽流感污染有逐年增加趋势,以H9亚型为主,亚型构成逐渐发生变化;各活禽交易市场、各标本类型均受到禽流感病毒H5、H9亚型污染,污染严重,相关部门应加强活禽市场监管,做好各交易市场特别是明强街菜市场监管、清洗和消毒,加强职业人群禽流感知识的宣传教育,增强自我防护,降低感染风险。同时跟踪外环境禽流感变化趋势,做好不明原因肺炎和流感监测工作,做到早发现早治疗。

[Objective] To understand the contamination of avian influenza virus A (fluA),H5,H7 and H9 in live poultry market in Longyang District of Baoshan City from 2014-2017,provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus.[Methods]216 external environment samples were collected from alive poultry markets in Longyang District of Baoshan City from 2014-2017. The fluorescence real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the fluA,and the positive samples were tested for H5,H7 and H9.[Results]The positive rate of fluA in external environment in Longyang District of Baoshan City from 2014-2017 was 2.50%-68.18%,with a rising trend year by year. The positive rate of fluA,H9,H5 and H5+H9 was 44.44%,30.56%,5.56% and 8.33%,respectively,and H7 was not detected. H9 subtype was the main type. H9 subtype was only detected in 2014 and 2015 in live poultry market. H5,H9 and H5+H9 were detected in 2016 and 2017. The fluA,H5,H9and H5+ H9 were found in all live poultry markets,and the detection rate was the highest in Mingqiang live poultry market. The fluA,H5, H9and H5+H9 were detected all sample types. The sample types in detection rate from high to low were cleaning poultry sewage , wiping specimen from surface of plate for slaughtering poultry,fecal specimens and wiping specimen from surface of the cage. [Conclusion]The contamination of avian influenza virus A is increasing year by year in Longyang District of Baoshan City from 2014-2017,the H9 subtype is dominant and the subtype composition is gradually changed. The subtypes of H5 and H9 are found in all live poultry markets and specimen types,and the contamination status is serious. The related departments should strengthen the supervision,cleaning and disinfection of the live poultry markets,especially Mingqiang live poultry market,and improve the publicity and education of knowledge about avian influenza among occupational groups to enhance self-protection and reduce the risk of infection. At the same time,it is necessary to follow the changing trend of avian influenza in external environment,implement the surveillance of unknown causes of pneumonia and influenza,and achieve early detection and early treatment.