摘要
目的了解广州市农村地区环境卫生现状,为政府相关部门制定农村环境卫生政策措施提供科学依据。方法在广州农村地区采用分层随机抽样方法,随机抽取7个地区共159个自然村作为调查点。采用统一的调查问卷,通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察等方法了解农村环境卫生状况。结果村内道路硬化情况达73.58%;卫生户厕覆盖率97.98%,村内公厕覆盖率81.76%;生活垃圾的收集方式为统一收集(54.09%)和定点堆放(45.91%),处理方式以村里统一转运清理为主(53.46%),各区生活垃圾处理方式的构成情况不全相同,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=73.43,P<0.01);有51个(32.08%)自然村存在工业垃圾,76个(47.80%)自然村存在养殖业垃圾,处理均以填埋为主(39.22%,40.79%);各区工业垃圾和养殖业垃圾构成情况不全相同,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=37.48、63.94,均P<0.01);生活污水排放方式以管道形式为主(44.03%),排放地点以处理厂为主(44.03%);各区排放方式和排放地点的构成不全相同,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=109.63、114.48,均P<0.01);工业污水和养殖业污水的排放方式主要为处理后排放,分别占88.24%和59.02%,各区工业污水和养殖业污水排放方式的构成情况不全相同,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=10.48、17.64,均P<0.05);开展过灭鼠、灭蝇、灭蚊和灭蟑工作的自然村分别占97.48%、93.71%、98.11%和88.68%。结论广州市农村地区环境卫生状况总体良好,但农村改厕工作和污水排放管理工作仍需进一步加强。
[Objective]To understand the current situation of environmental sanitation in rural areas in Guangzhou,and provide scientific basis for the government to formulate the rural environmental health policies.[Methods]A total of 159 villages from 7 districts in Guangzhou were selected by stratified random sampling method. The data checking,interviews and field observation were used to understand the environmental sanitation in rural areas with the uniform questionnaires.[Results]The proportion of road hardening was 73.58% ,and the popularization rate of sanitary-latrine and public-latrine was 97.98% and 81.76% respectively. 54.09% of the domestic garbage was unitary collection,and 45.91% was stacked at fixed points. The domestic garbage was mainly treated by unitary transportation (53.46%). The difference of treatment of domestic garbage in different districts was statistically significant(χ^2=73.43,P<0.01).A total of 51(32.08%) villages had industrial garbage and 76 (47.80%) villages had breeding garbage,and the mainly treatment was landfill (39.22% and 40.79%). The differences of proportion of industrial garbage and breeding garbage in different districts were statistically significant(χ^2=37.48,63.94,all P<0.01). The domestic sewage was mainly discharged by drain pipe(44.03%),and the main discharged place was disposal plant (44.03%). The differences of proportion of discharged ways and discharged places in different districts were statistically significant(χ^2=109.63,114.48,all P<0.01). The discharged way of industrial sewage and breeding sewage was mainly post -treatment discharge (88.24% and 59.02%). The differences of proportion of discharged ways of industrial sewage and breeding sewage in different districts were statistically significant (χ^2 =10.48,17.64,all P<0.05). The villages which had implemented controlling work of mouse,flies,mosquitoes and cockroaches accounted for 97.48%,93.71%,98.11% and 88.68%,respectively.I Conclusionl The situation of environmental sanitation in rural areas of Guangzhou is generally good,while the latrine improvement project and the management of sewage discharge should be improved.
作者
钟嶷
黎晓彤
王德东
孙丽丽
周金华
ZHONG Yi;LI Xiao-tong;WANG De-dong;SUN Li-li;ZHOU Jin-hua(Department of Drinking Water Hygiene,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou Guangdong,510440, China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2018年第23期3270-3274,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
2018年广州市科技计划项目(201804010194)
关键词
农村
环境卫生
调查
Rural areas
Environmental sanitation
Investigation