广州市农村地区环境卫生现状调查

Investigation on the current situation of environmental sanitation in rural areas in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市农村地区环境卫生现状,为政府相关部门制定农村环境卫生政策措施提供科学依据。方法在广州农村地区采用分层随机抽样方法,随机抽取7个地区共159个自然村作为调查点。采用统一的调查问卷,通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察等方法了解农村环境卫生状况。结果村内道路硬化情况达73.58%;卫生户厕覆盖率97.98%,村内公厕覆盖率81.76%;生活垃圾的收集方式为统一收集(54.09%)和定点堆放(45.91%),处理方式以村里统一转运清理为主(53.46%),各区生活垃圾处理方式的构成情况不全相同,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=73.43,P<0.01);有51个(32.08%)自然村存在工业垃圾,76个(47.80%)自然村存在养殖业垃圾,处理均以填埋为主(39.22%,40.79%);各区工业垃圾和养殖业垃圾构成情况不全相同,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=37.48、63.94,均P<0.01);生活污水排放方式以管道形式为主(44.03%),排放地点以处理厂为主(44.03%);各区排放方式和排放地点的构成不全相同,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=109.63、114.48,均P<0.01);工业污水和养殖业污水的排放方式主要为处理后排放,分别占88.24%和59.02%,各区工业污水和养殖业污水排放方式的构成情况不全相同,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=10.48、17.64,均P<0.05);开展过灭鼠、灭蝇、灭蚊和灭蟑工作的自然村分别占97.48%、93.71%、98.11%和88.68%。结论广州市农村地区环境卫生状况总体良好,但农村改厕工作和污水排放管理工作仍需进一步加强。

[Objective]To understand the current situation of environmental sanitation in rural areas in Guangzhou,and provide scientific basis for the government to formulate the rural environmental health policies.[Methods]A total of 159 villages from 7 districts in Guangzhou were selected by stratified random sampling method. The data checking,interviews and field observation were used to understand the environmental sanitation in rural areas with the uniform questionnaires.[Results]The proportion of road hardening was 73.58% ,and the popularization rate of sanitary-latrine and public-latrine was 97.98% and 81.76% respectively. 54.09% of the domestic garbage was unitary collection,and 45.91% was stacked at fixed points. The domestic garbage was mainly treated by unitary transportation (53.46%). The difference of treatment of domestic garbage in different districts was statistically significant(χ^2=73.43,P<0.01).A total of 51(32.08%) villages had industrial garbage and 76 (47.80%) villages had breeding garbage,and the mainly treatment was landfill (39.22% and 40.79%). The differences of proportion of industrial garbage and breeding garbage in different districts were statistically significant(χ^2=37.48,63.94,all P<0.01). The domestic sewage was mainly discharged by drain pipe(44.03%),and the main discharged place was disposal plant (44.03%). The differences of proportion of discharged ways and discharged places in different districts were statistically significant(χ^2=109.63,114.48,all P<0.01). The discharged way of industrial sewage and breeding sewage was mainly post -treatment discharge (88.24% and 59.02%). The differences of proportion of discharged ways of industrial sewage and breeding sewage in different districts were statistically significant (χ^2 =10.48,17.64,all P<0.05). The villages which had implemented controlling work of mouse,flies,mosquitoes and cockroaches accounted for 97.48%,93.71%,98.11% and 88.68%,respectively.I Conclusionl The situation of environmental sanitation in rural areas of Guangzhou is generally good,while the latrine improvement project and the management of sewage discharge should be improved.