德阳地区学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的流行病学调查及影响因素分析

Epidemiological survey of iron-deficiency anemia among preschool children in Deyang and analysis on the influencing factors

目的分析德阳地区学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的患病现状及其影响因素,为儿童缺铁性贫血的防治提供科学依据。方法选取2016年1-12月在德阳市人民医院门诊体检的健康学龄前儿童1452例为研究对象,对其进行儿童缺铁性贫血的筛查,并设置统一的问卷调查,分析学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的影响因素。结果1452例受检儿童共检出儿童缺铁性贫血患儿120例,患病率为8.26%,其中6~12个月的患病率为13.76%,1~3岁的患病率为7.90%,4~6岁的患病率为4.38%,不同年龄儿童患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),6~12个月的幼儿是儿童缺铁性贫血的主要人群。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、出生体质量、喂养的方式、消化功能、辅食添加时间、妊娠期贫血情况、父母亲的文化程度、家庭饮食习惯、铁制剂服用情况、家庭收入为学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,出生低体质量、消化功能、添加辅食时间、妊娠期贫血、家庭饮食习惯为学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论德阳地区学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的主要影响因素为出生低体质量、消化功能、添加辅食时间、妊娠期贫血、家庭饮食习惯,在早期关注孕妇及胎儿的营养状况,适时添加辅食及合理搭配儿童的饮食结构,可起到预防儿童缺铁性贫血的作用。

Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of iron-deficiency anemia among preschool children in Deyang,provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in children.Methods A total of 1 452 healthy preschool children receiving physical examination in Outpatient Department of Deyang Municipal People's Hospital from January to December in 2016 were selected as study object,the screening of iron-deficiency anemia was conducted,a uniform questionnaire was used to survey these children to analyze the influencing factors of iron - deficiency anemia in preschool children.Results Among 1 452 preschool childen,120 children were diagnosed as iron-deficiency anemia,the prevalence rate was 8.26%.The prevalence rates of iron-deficiency anemia in children aged 6-12 months old,1-3 years old,and 4-6 years old were 13.76%,7.90%,and 4.38%,respectively.There was statistically significant difference in the prevalence rate of iron-deficiency anemia among the children in different age groups ( P<0.05) ,the prevalence rate of iron-deficiency anemia in children aged 6-12 months old was the highest.Univariate analysis showed that age,birth weight,feeding mode,digestive function,additive time of complementary food,anemia during pregnancy,educational levels of parents,family eating habits,taking of iron preparations,and family income were influencing factors of iron-deficiency anemia in preschool children ( P<0.05) .Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight,digestive function,additive time of complementary food,anemia during pregnancy,and family eating habits were influencing factors of iron-deficiency anemia in preschool children ( P<0.05) .Conclusion The main influencing factors of iron-deficiency anemia among preschool children in Deyang include low birth weight,digestive function,additive time of complementary food,anemia during pregnancy,and family eating habits.Paying attention to nutritional status of pregnant women anf fetuses early,adding complementary food appropriately,and rational combination of dietary structure of children can prevent iron-deficiency anemia in children.