肠道树突状细胞在食物过敏的作用研究进展

Research progress in the role of intestinal dendritic cells in food allergy

食物过敏(FA)严重影响着人们的生活质量,其机制及有效的治疗方式亟待进一步研究。肠道树突状细胞(DC)在FA中可通过多种模式识别受体识别食物变应原,而食物的加工和添加剂的加入可对此产生影响;在随后的变应原呈递过程中,越来越多的共刺激分子被发现参与T细胞向2型辅助T(Th2)细胞方向的极化过程,许多内外源物质对这一过程具有促进作用;而DC在FA效应阶段的作用可能导致一种恶性循环。此外,DC在食物耐受的建立中也起重要作用,以DC为基础的口服免疫疗法、细菌治疗、高纤饮食与母乳喂养可能在今后FA的预防治疗中得到应用。以DC为切入点,研究FA和食物耐受机制并探究有效的FA治疗方法,有极其重要的意义。

Food allergy( FA) seriously affects people’s quality of life,and its mechanism and effective treatment methods need further study. Intestinal dendritic cells( DCs) can recognize food allergens in FA through multiple pattern recognition receptors,which can be affected by food processing and the addition of additives. In the subsequent allergen presentation process,more and more co-stimulatory molecules have been found to be involved in the polarization of T cells to type 2 helper T cells( Th2 cells),which is facilitated by many endogenous and exogenous substances. DCs may lead to a vicious cycle in the effective phase of FA. DCs also play an important role in the establishment of food tolerance. DC-based oral immunotherapy,bacterial therapy,high-fiber diet and breastfeeding may be used in the prevention and treatment of FA in the future. It is of great significance to study the mechanism of FA and tolerance and explore the effective treatment of FA from the perspective of DCs.