失业保险制度促进就业功能的发挥及递进研究

Research on the Employment Promotion Function of the Unemployment Insurance System and Its Future Development

以统计数据为基础的因子分析法发现,1994—2016年我国失业保险制度促进就业功能总体在加强,但"失业保险基金支出""失业保险基金收入""人均缴存结余""失业金发放水平"等因素显著影响了失业保险的保障水平,而"覆盖面与受益面狭窄""失业保险基金使用不足""职业介绍工作不到位"等因素则严重制约着失业保险制度的就业促进功能。在城镇化和非正规就业成为主流等新形势下,失业保险制度的重心应当适时调整至促进就业功能,其递进方向首先是扩大覆盖面,纳入非正规就业群体;其次是创新失业保险金使用方式,推动失业者主导参与职业培训,激励职业中心提高职业介绍成功率。

Based on relevant statistical data,the factor analysis method reveals that the employment-promotion function of China's unemployment insurance system was generally enhanced between 1999-2014.However,this function is further hindered by factors such as narrow coverage of unemployment insurance,inefficient use of the insurance fund and unsatisfying job search services.In the context of urbanization and prevailing informal employment,the focus of the unemployment insurance system should be to promote employment rather than to merely provide an economic lifeline.For the future development of the unemployment insurance system,the coverage should be expanded to cover workers in informal employment.Furthermore,unemployment insurance funds need to be used in an innovative way,so as to facilitate the unemployed workers engagement in vocational training and to improve job search services.