苹果生产效率分析——基于陕西省8县602个苹果专业户调查数据

Analysis of Apples’ Production Efficiency——Using Data from 602 Apple Specialized Households in 8 Counties of Shaanxi Province

本文采用DEA-Malmquist方法及2012-2014年陕西省8县602个苹果专业户的微观数据.对陕西省苹果生产效率的空间分布和时序变动趋势特征进行评价,并运用Tobit模型分析影响苹果生产效率差异的主要因素。结果表明:陕西省苹果主产区综合技术效率普遍偏低,提升空间较大;全要素生产率的增长表现出空间差异性和时序波动性,其中技术进步的差距是导致各县全要素生产率差异的主要原因,而综合技术效率的变动造成全要素生产率时序波动性。在影响苹果生产效率差异的主要因素中,前一期苹果销售价格、乔化密植栽培方式以及自然灾害的发生对生产效率产生负向影响;参加技术培训频率对提高生产效率有推动作用;户主和家庭特征、挂果园面积以及果树平均树龄对不同县苹果专业户生产效率的解释能力有较大差别。

By using the data of 602apple specialized households from 8apple production counties in Shaanxi Province from 2012to 2014,this paper adopts the DEA-Malmquist Index to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal variation of apple production efficiency in Shaanxi, and then uses the Tobit model to further analyze the main factors that affect the production efficiency.The results show that the technical efficiency is rather low in Shaanxi,and there is still huge potential for improvement.The growth of total factor productivity shows spatial differences and the temporal fluctuation.The technical progress gap among counties is the main reason for the spatial difference of total factor productivity among counties,and the change of the technical efficiency causes the fluctuation of total factor productivity.The previous price,high-density vigorous stock cultivation pattern and natural disasters have a negative effect on the production efficiency,while the frequency of participating in technical training has a positive effect.The charac teristics of the Head of a household and family,the area of apple orchard and the average age of the fruit trees have different effects on the households'apple production efficiency when it comes to different counties.