改革开放四十年来明清乡贤研究述论

A Review on 40 Year-Studies on the Country Sages in Ming and Qing Dynasties since Reform and Opening-up Policy was Promulgated

乡贤作为一个社会群体,在明清数百年中长期承担着崇德报功、教化民众的使命,是儒学社会传播及其祭祀内容和形式的重要表现,是古代朝廷、地方政府与民间三方博弈的产物。改革开放四十年来,由于国家与社会对于精神文明建设的重视,乡贤的相关研究呈逐年增加的态势,主要内容涉及对乡贤内涵的界定、乡贤祠及其祭祀标准、乡贤与社会基层控制、与儒家文化关系以及人物传记资料梳理等方面。本文试以明清作为时间点,对改革开放四十年以来学术界与乡贤相关的学术成果进行梳理和评价。

As a social group,Country sages carried the responsibilities for the moral worships and appraises of the achievements,educating the public simultaneously.They were important representation of the the social spreading of the Confucianism as well as the sacrificing contents and forms,the products of the struggles among the ancient courts,local government, and the folks.Since the Reform and Opening-up policy was promulgated for 40 years,along with the government's attention to the spiritual civilization,the relevant studies on country sages increased annually,mainly including to the demarcation on the connotation of the sages,the Sages Temple and its sacrificing standards,the basic social control on the sages,the relations with the Confucius culture as well as the biographies'combing,etc.This article focus on the sages in Ming and Qing Dynasties,try to make a comprehensive review on the scholars'academic achievements of sages since Reform and Opening-up was promulgated for 40 years.