老年冠状动脉严重钙化病变患者旋磨后支架植入疗效及安全性

Effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting stent implantation following rotational atherectomy for severe coronary arteries calcification in elderly patients

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者冠状动脉(冠脉)严重钙化病变在高频旋磨后置入药物洗脱支架后治疗效果及安全性. 方法 入选2014年9月至2017年9月在我院心内科行冠状动脉钙化病变旋磨术和药物洗脱支架置入术的21例患者,对27处严重钙化病变旋磨术后置入支架.观察终点为即刻手术成功率和术后6个月心脑血管主要不良事件包括心绞痛复发,靶血管重建,心肌梗死,支架内血栓,心源性死亡等. 结果 14例(66.7% )患者术中仅使用1.5 mm 旋磨头,7例(33.3% )患者使用1.25 mm和1.5 mm 2个旋磨头.旋磨头与血管直径比为(0.5 ± 0.1).旋磨术后成功置入29枚药物洗脱支架,即刻成功率100% .手术过程中无冠脉穿孔及其他严重并发症发生.术中2例(9.5% )患者发生慢血流现象,治疗后造影恢复TIM I血流Ⅲ,其余19例(90.5% )患者旋磨后为TIM I血流Ⅲ级.血管内超声(IVUS )检查12例(57.1% )患者支架释放均匀贴壁良好、未见支架断裂和内膜撕裂,另9例(42.9% )进行了后扩张.术后随访最少6个月,无靶血管重建和死亡病例. 结论 对冠脉严重钙化的冠心病患者在冠脉造影及IVUS指导下行严重钙化病变旋磨后支架植入是安全和有效的,特别是在IVUS指导下行可降低术后支架贴壁不良、支架内血栓、再发心肌梗死、心源性猝死等主要不良心脏事件风险,对改善老年严重冠状动脉钙化病变患者预后有重要意义.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting stent implantation following rotational atherectomy (RA)for severe coronary arteries calcification in elderly patients. Methods A total of 21 patients receiving RA and drug-eluting stent implantation were enrolled in this study in our cardiology department from Sep.2014 to Sep.2017. Twenty-one patients with 27 severe calcified lesions were treated with the stent implantation following RA . The primary endpoints of the study were the immediate operation success rate and the rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE)at 6 month after surgery ,including angina recurrence ,need for target vessel revascularization ,myocardial infarction ,stent thrombosis and cardiovascular death. Results 14 patients(66.7% ,14/21)received RA by using 1.5 mm burr ,and 7 patients(33.3% ,7/21)by using both 1.25 mm and 1.5 mm burrs. The average ratio of burr to artery diameter was (0.5 ± 0.1). A total of 29 stents were successfully implanted in all patients (100% ,21/21 patients).None of the patients experienced any acute coronary artery rupture or other severe complications during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI ) after RA. Two cases (2/21 ,9.5% ) suffered from slow flow ,and the coronary blood flow was restored to TIMI grade Ⅲ after treatment. The coronary blood flow in the other 19 cases(19/21 ,90.4% )was TIMI grade Ⅲ after RA.Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) showed that the stents were well adhered without stent rupture and intimal tear in 12 cases(12/21 , 57.1% ) ,and postdilation was performed in 9 cases(9/21 ,42.9% ).All patients were followed up for at least 6 months ,and target vessel revascularization and death were not found. Conclusions A drug-eluting stent implantation following rotational atherectomy is effective and safe for treating severe coronary arteries calcification in elderly coronary heart disease patients. The IVUS-guided rotational atherectomy combined with drug-eluting stent implantation can reduce the risk of MACCE ,such as under-expansion stent ,stent thrombosis ,myocardial infarction ,cardiovascular death ,and improve clinical outcomes in elderly patients with severe coronary arteries calcification.