民族地区教育优先发展制度性依赖的困境及出路

Institutional Dependence Difficulties and Outlet of Education Priority Development in Ethnic Areas

我国少数民族教育优先发展的"三架马车"是:制定民族地区教育发展的优惠政策;优化少数民族地区教育资源;提升少数民族学生学习机会。从实际效果来看,这种优惠政策却带来少数民族地区教育发展的政策性依赖现象:读书、升学、就业的全环节依赖;教育发展与人才空心化并存"呼唤"新的民族地区教育优惠政策。面对这一境况,唯有通过民族教育"非对称性"发展战略定位、坚守民族教育之民族性、建立"社区—教育—产业"联动的教育实践逻辑才能使民族地区教育摆脱制度性依赖现状,进入通过人才培养激发内源性发展的经济动力,继而反哺教育的良性循环。

The "three carriages"that give priority to the development of ethnic minority education in China are:formulating preferential policies for the development of education in ethnic areas;optimizing educational resources in ethnic minority areas;and improving learning opportunities for minority students.From the practical point of view,this kind of preferential policy has brought about the policy dependence of education development in minority areas:the whole link of reading,studying,and employment;the development of education and the hollowing out of talents coexist and "call"new education offers in ethnic areas policy.Faced with this situation,only through the "asymmetry"of national education to develop strategic positioning,adhere to the national nature of national education,and establish the educational practice logic of "community-education-industry"linkage can make education in ethnic areas get rid of institutional Relying on the status quo,entering the economic cycle of stimulating endogenous development through talent cultivation,and then feeding back the virtuous circle of education.