利用改进的迈克耳孙干涉仪测量空气折射率

MEASUREMENT OF AIR REFRACTIVE INDEX BY USING THE IMPROVED MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER

在光学平台上搭建迈克耳孙干涉光路,在一光路中加入一透明玻璃气室,通过改变气室内的压强来观察条纹"吞吐"数量,就可以测定空气折射率。本实验通过一根细软管将光路中的玻璃气室与一大气瓶相连接,在不影响实际光路长度的基础上,很大程度上实现将传统的小气室改造放大。另外,采用压力传感器和温度传感器测量气室内的压强和温度,使压强测量结果更加灵敏精确,并实现了对气室内温度的实时监测。利用改进后的迈克耳孙干涉仪测量空气折射率,使实验过程中压强和条纹变化缓慢且稳定,极大提高了实验的灵敏度和测量精度。

The Michelson interference light path is built on the optical platform and a transparent glass air chamber is fixed in one light path.Then,the air refractive index can be measured by observing the number of"throughput"of the interference fringes when changing the pressure inside the air chamber.In this experiment,a thin hose is used to connect the glass air chamber with an atmospheric bottle.Thus,the traditional small air chamber is greatly enlarged without affecting the actual light path length.In addition,the pressure sensor and temperature sensor are used to measure the pressure and temperature in the glass air chamber.Thus,the pressure measurement results will be more sensitive and accurate and real-time monitoring of the air chamber temperature can be realized.During the measurement process of air refractive index by using the improved Michelson interferometer,the pressure and fringe changes slowly and stably,which highly improves the sensitivity and accuracy of the experiment.