基于红外相机陷阱法的北京百花山国家级自然保护区旅游线路周边野生动物的调查研究

Preliminary investigation of wildlife using camera traps along tourism routes in Beijing Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve

为了调查北京百花山国家级自然保护区旅游线路周边野生动物分布和活动规律,于2015年7月—2016年9月,铺设20台红外相机,共拍到有效照片3761张,其中兽类2813张,鸟类643张。鉴定出兽类14种(分属5目9科);鸟类39种(分属4目16科),其中4种兽类和8种鸟类是保护区新纪录。红外相机在不同的生境类型、海拔以及不同月份的拍摄率都不同,阔叶林的动物物种数和拍摄率远远高于其他生境类型;较低海拔(1150—1400 m)区域的拍摄率高于中间海拔(1400—1600 m)和较高海拔(1600—1800 m);动物集中在5—10月份活动,这几个月的拍摄率高于其他月份。而拍摄率与多样性指数往往不一致,阔叶林低于针叶林和灌木林;中间海拔最高,较低海拔最低。野生动物活动活跃的月份与旅游旺季在很大程度上是重合的,而野猪(Sus scrofa)、狗獾(Meles meles)、豹猫、猪獾和花面狸(Paguma larvata)这五种潜在危险动物,表现出明显的夜行性,对白天游客的威胁性不大,但存在潜在危险性。通过研究,有助于保护区制定相应的管控方案和建立危险预警机制。

To investigate the distribution and activity routines of wildlife along tourism routes in Beijing Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve,20 infra-red cameras were set during July 2015 to September 2016. There were a total of 3761 valid photos taken by the cameras,including 2813 mammal photos and 643 bird photos.We identified 14 species of mammals (belonging to 5 orders and 9 families) and 39 species of birds (belonging to 4 orders and 16 families); 4 species of mammals and 8 species of birds were newly recorded as being present in the reserve.As the capture rate changes with different habitat types,elevations,and months,the number of animal species and the capture rate of broad-leaved forest were much higher than those of other habitats.The capture rate in lower elevation (1150—1400 m) areas was higher than that in middle elevation (1400 —1600 m) and higher elevation areas (1600—1800 m).The capture rate was higher from May to October than in other months,as animals are most active during these months.The diversity rate differed from the capture rate,which was lower in broad-leaved forest than in coniferous forest and in shrub. The active months of wildlife coincide with the peak tourist season.The five potentially dangerous animals,wild boar (Sus scrofa),badger (Meles meles),ocelot,sand badger,and masked civet (Paguma larvata),do not usually harm visitors during the day according to their nocturnal habits. However,there are still potential dangers for tourists' personal safety. This research is helpful for the nature reserve to formulate corresponding control plans and to establish risk warning mechanisms.