基于电子导航地图POI的北京城区绿色空间服务半径分析

Service radii analysis of green space based on electronic navigation map POI in Beijing urban area

近年来,电子导航地图中的兴趣点(Point of Interest,POI)在城市地理与城市生态研究方面越来越受到重视。城市绿色空间对其居民的生产生活服务作用十分重要,城市绿地系统的配置是否科学对城市生态系统服务供需情况有着重要影响。利用北京城区五环以内的POI数据,采用核函数模拟出城市居民生产生活在空间分布上强弱程度的热力图,对该区域绿色空间实体不同半径服务区内的热力特征进行耦合分析。研究表明:北京市五环以内绿色空间实体500、750 m和1000 m典型服务半径的覆盖面分别占总面积的77.99%、91.55%和97.46%,从服务供给角度表现出空间分布格局相对均匀;但在绿色空间500 m服务半径内,仅覆盖了POI热力图中极高密度区中51.19%的地区,高密度区中54.78%的地区,中密度区中66.21%的区域,从服务需求角度表现出绿色空间分布格局明显不均衡。研究认为城市绿色空间在POI热度较高区域的主要商圈、人流密集区域匹配明显不足,需要通过增加绿地或疏解POI集中程度来缓解绿色空间供需矛盾。

In recent years,Point of Interest (POI) in electronic navigation maps has been paid increasing attention in urban geography and urban ecological research. The urban green space is very important to the production and residential facilities of its inhabitants. Whether the allocation system of urban green space is scientific or not has an important impact on the supply and demand of urban ecosystem services. Therefore,to plan urban green space rationally,it is very important to explore the association between urban green space and living and work space. Furthermore,with the rapid development of cities,citizens' living quality is better and their demand for urban green space is higher. However,urban green space always decreases under the pressure of urban expansion. The conflict between the increasing need for green space and the decreasing amount of it has impeded the development of cities. As the capital of China,Beijing is a huge city with twenty million people and rapid expansion; the situation of its urban green space,especially the relationship between urban green space and citizens,is typical in China. This study focused on the situation of urban green space in Beijing area. By using http:/ /www.ecologica.cn the POI data from the electronic navigation map within the fifth ring road of Beijing urban area,the study simulated the thermodynamic map of the spatial distribution of urban residents' workplaces and residential areas. In addition,the thermal characteristics of the green spaces in different radius service areas were analyzed. The results showed that inside the Beijing fifth ring road,the coverage of green spaces with radii of 500 m,750 m,and 1000 m,respectively,accounted for 77.99%, 91.55%,and 97.46% of the total study area,which indicated that the spatial distribution pattern is relatively uniform from the perspective of service supply. However,in the 500 m service radius of the green space,only 51.19% of the areas in the very high-density area,54.78% in the high-density area,and 66.21% in the medium-density area of the POI heatmap were covered,which indicated that the green space distribution was obviously not balanced from the view of service demand. Furthermore,according to the research,the urban green space was insufficient in the main commercial areas and the crowded area,and it is necessary to alleviate the mismatch between the supply and demand of green space by increasing the concentration of green space or reducing the concentration of POI. The study also showed that POI has a huge application value in urban research. The kernel density of POI could characterize the spatial distribution of the concentrated area of residents' production and life in urban areas. As this kind of data has been used in large quantities in the navigation map,it is highly accurate and should be widely used.