出口持续时间对企业技术升级的影响研究

A Study on How Export Duration Affects Firms’ Technology Upgrading

基于1999-2007年中国企业层面的微观数据,利用系统GMM估计方法,本文实证考察了出口持续时间对中国企业技术升级的影响。研究发现,出口持续时间对中国企业技术升级的影响显著为负。本文中企业的技术升级程度实际上指的是企业生产效率的“边际提高量”,也即出口持续时间的增加对企业生产效率提高的边际作用递减。本文对此给出的解释是:随着企业出口持续时间的增加,一方面,出口中学习效应对企业生产效率提高的边际作用递减;另一方面,企业可能会更多地享受依靠出口经验的积累所带来的成本降低的好处,其主动通过技术升级来提升生产效率的动机将降低。而进一步跨地区和跨不同所有制类型的比较分析表明,出口持续时间对不同地区企业和不同所有制类型企业的技术升级的影响并不相同。因此,从企业技术升级的角度,本文为进一步认识企业的出口持续时间提供了新的视角。

Based on Chinese firm-level micro data from 1999to 2007,using GMM estimation method,this paper examines the effect of export duration on Chinese firms'technology upgrading.The result shows the effect of export duration on Chinese firms'technology upgrading is negative,as firms'technology upgrading actually refers to the marginal increase of firms'production efficiency in this paper,namely,the increase of export duration has a diminishing marginal effect on the improving of firms'production efficiency.Our explanation is,as the increase of firms'export duration, the marginal effect of learning by exporting on the improving of firms'production efficiency is diminishing; at the same time,firms may enjoy more benefits of cost reduction as a result of the accumulation of export experience,firms'motivation of improving production efficiency by technology upgrading will decrease.Further analysis shows the effect of export duration on firms'technology upgrading of different areas and different types of ownership is not the same.Therefore, from the view of technology upgrading,this paper provides a new perspective for understanding firms'export duration again.